gavazzi electrical components German gavazzi models gavazzi prices

gavazzi electrical components are resettable fuses, known in Japan as permanent fuses. Immediately after interrupting an overload or short-circuit current, the fusible element automatically returns to its original state. The housing is made of austenitic stainless steel, with a beryllium oxide ceramic core embedded in the center. The space between the stainless steel and the ceramic core is filled with glass to seal and secure the core. Metallic sodium is injected into the fine pores of the ceramic core as the fusible element, and the void behind the piston is filled with argon gas to compress the metallic sodium. Under normal operating conditions, current enters from lead terminal A, passes through the metallic sodium in the fine pores of the ceramic core, conducts to the stainless steel housing, and exits via output terminal B. When a short-circuit current flows through the fuse, it rapidly heats the metallic sodium in the fine pores of the ceramic core, causing it to change from a solid to a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma vapor. The resistivity increases rapidly, providing strong current-limiting action against the short-circuit current and interrupting the current instantly. At the end of the interruption, the sodium vapor immediately returns to liquid and solid states, while the argon gas pushes the piston again to compress the metallic sodium, re-establishing the circuit connection.

gavazzi electrical component functions

The starter solenoid switch is a key component of the starter motor, and its design quality directly affects the starter's reliability. The starter solenoid switch has two functions: first, to connect the main circuit to rotate the starter motor; second, to push the drive gear out via the shift fork to engage with the engine flywheel ring gear. Therefore, the solenoid switch must provide appropriate attraction force and stroke, and its contacts must reliably switch high currents. Additionally, it should minimize volume and weight. Based on these characteristics, the contact structure of solenoid switches generally adopts a contact form where moving contacts are shaped as bridge pieces or discs to provide larger heat dissipation surfaces and thermal capacity. The magnetic system mostly uses a solenoid electromagnet structure to meet requirements for corresponding stroke, attraction force, small size, and light weight. The moving iron core of the solenoid switch can move smoothly within a brass bushing equipped with a solenoid coil. The moving iron core pull rod is connected to the shift fork and one-way clutch. Under the action of the return spring, the moving iron core remains in the initial non-operating position. During starting, the starter drive gear needs to move forward by approximately 12-26mm. Therefore, when the solenoid switch begins to engage, a large magnetomotive force is required to generate the necessary initial attraction force. After engagement, the air gap decreases, and the electromagnetic attraction force increases sharply, far exceeding the force required to maintain the engaged state. For this reason, the solenoid switch uses two coils (an attraction coil and a holding coil). Initially, both coils work together to generate electromagnetic attraction. Once the switch contacts engage, the attraction coil automatically disengages, and only the holding coil maintains the switch in the engaged state. The holding coil current is relatively small, allowing it to be wound with thinner wire. This reduces the volume of the solenoid switch while achieving reasonable attraction force matching. To ensure starter reliability, careful attention must be paid to the design quality of the solenoid switch.

gavazzi electrical component principles

The main principle of a diode is to utilize the unidirectional conductivity of the PN junction. Adding leads and encapsulation to the PN junction forms a diode. A crystal diode consists of a PN junction formed by P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor. A space charge layer forms on both sides of the interface, establishing a built-in electric field. When no external voltage is applied, the diffusion current caused by the carrier concentration difference across the PN junction equals the drift current caused by the built-in electric field, resulting in electrical equilibrium. When a forward bias voltage is applied externally, the mutual cancellation of the external electric field and the built-in electric field increases the carrier diffusion current, causing a forward current. When a reverse bias voltage is applied externally, the external electric field and the built-in electric field are further strengthened, forming a reverse saturation current within a certain reverse voltage range that is independent of the reverse bias voltage value. When the applied reverse voltage reaches a certain level, the electric field strength in the space charge layer of the PN junction reaches a critical value, triggering a carrier multiplication process. This generates a large number of electron-hole pairs, resulting in a significant reverse breakdown current, known as the diode breakdown phenomenon. Reverse breakdown of the PN junction is classified into Zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown.

gavazzi electrical component applications

Dedicated solid-state relays can feature short-circuit protection, overload protection, and overtemperature protection. When encapsulated with fixed combination logic, they form intelligent modules tailored to user requirements for direct use in control systems. Solid-state relays are widely used in computer peripheral interface equipment, constant-temperature systems, temperature regulation, electric furnace heating control, motor control, numerical control machinery, remote control systems, and industrial automation devices; signal lights, dimming, flashers, and stage lighting control systems; instruments and meters, medical devices, copiers, and automatic washing machines; automatic fire-fighting and security systems, as well as switching switches for power capacitors used in grid power factor compensation. In addition, they are extensively used in explosive-proof, moisture-proof, and corrosion-resistant environments such as the chemical industry and coal mines.

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