hirschmann electrical components Germany hirschmann models hirschmann prices

hirschmann electrical components are devices that convert optical signals into electrical signals. Their operating principle is based on the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons in a material absorb photon energy when light strikes certain substances, resulting in corresponding electrical effects. Based on different photoelectric phenomena, the photoelectric effect is classified into three types: external photoelectric effect, internal photoelectric effect, and photovoltaic effect. Photoelectric devices include phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, photoresistors, photodiodes, phototransistors, and solar cells. The performance and characteristic curves of photoelectric devices are analyzed.

hirschmann electrical component principles

The forward characteristics of the volt-ampere characteristic curve of a Zener diode are similar to those of a standard diode. In reverse bias, when the reverse voltage is below the reverse breakdown voltage, the reverse resistance is very high and the reverse leakage current is extremely small. However, when the reverse voltage approaches the critical value, the reverse current increases sharply, a phenomenon known as breakdown. At this critical breakdown point, the reverse resistance drops suddenly to a very low value. Although the current varies over a wide range, the voltage across the diode remains basically stable near the breakdown voltage, thereby achieving the voltage regulation function of the diode.

hirschmann electrical component characteristics

The characteristics of an inductor are exactly opposite to those of a capacitor; it blocks alternating current (AC) while allowing direct current (DC) to pass through smoothly. The resistance when a DC signal passes through the coil is simply the resistance of the wire itself, resulting in a very small voltage drop. When an AC signal passes through the coil, a self-induced electromotive force (EMF) is generated across the coil. The direction of this self-induced EMF is opposite to that of the applied voltage, hindering the passage of AC. Therefore, the characteristic of an inductor is to pass DC and block AC; the higher the frequency, the greater the coil impedance. Inductors often work together with capacitors in circuits to form LC filters and LC oscillators. Additionally, the properties of inductance are utilized to manufacture chokes, transformers, relays, and other components. Passing DC: This means the inductor presents a conductive path to DC. If the resistance of the inductor coil is ignored, DC can pass through the inductor 'unimpeded.' For DC, the coil's own resistance offers very little obstruction, so it is often neglected in circuit analysis. Blocking AC: When AC passes through the inductor coil, the inductor impedes the AC. This impedance to AC is the inductive reactance of the coil.

hirschmann electrical component structure

Inductors generally consist of a bobbin, winding, shielding cover, encapsulation material, and a magnetic core or iron core. 1, Bobbin: The bobbin refers to the support structure for winding the coil. For larger fixed inductors or adjustable inductors (such as oscillator coils and chokes), enameled wire (or silk-covered wire) is mostly wound around the bobbin, and then a magnetic core, copper core, or iron core is inserted into the inner cavity of the bobbin to increase inductance. Bobbins are usually made of plastic, bakelite, or ceramic, and can be shaped differently according to actual needs. Small inductors (such as color-coded inductors) generally do not use a bobbin but instead wind the enameled wire directly onto the magnetic core. Air-core inductors (also known as former-less coils or air-core coils, mostly used in high-frequency circuits) do not use a magnetic core, bobbin, or shielding cover; instead, they are wound on a mold which is then removed, leaving a certain distance between the coil turns. 2, Winding: The winding refers to a set of coils with specified functions and is the basic component of an inductor. Windings are divided into single-layer and multi-layer types. Single-layer windings come in two forms: close-wound (where wires are wound circle by circle) and spaced-wound (where a certain distance is maintained between each turn). Multi-layer windings include layered flat winding, random winding, honeycomb winding, and other methods. 3, Magnetic Core and Magnetic Rod: Magnetic cores and rods are generally made of materials such as nickel-zinc ferrite or manganese-zinc ferrite. They come in various shapes such as 'I' shape, cylindrical, cap-shaped, 'E' shape, and pot core. 4, Iron Core: Iron core materials mainly include silicon steel sheets and permalloy, and their shape is mostly 'E' type. 5, Shielding Cover: To prevent the magnetic field generated by some inductors during operation from affecting the normal operation of other circuits and components, a metal shielding cover is added (such as for oscillator coils in semiconductor radios). Using a shielding cover increases coil losses and reduces the Q value. 10, Encapsulation Material: Some inductors (such as color-coded inductors and color-ring inductors) are sealed with encapsulation material after winding to enclose the coil and magnetic core. Encapsulation materials include plastic or epoxy resin.

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