HIQUEL electrical components Germany HIQUEL model HIQUEL price

HIQUEL electrical component is a sensor that converts the state of the measured object into a measurable optical signal. The working principle of a fiber optic sensor is to guide the light beam from the light source into a modulator via an optical fiber. Inside the modulator, interaction with external measured parameters causes changes in the optical properties of the light, such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, and polarization state, resulting in a modulated optical signal. This signal is then transmitted via optical fiber to a photodetector and demodulator to obtain the measured parameters. Throughout this process, the light beam is guided through the optical fiber, passes through the modulator, and is then emitted. The role of the optical fiber is first to transmit the light beam, and second to act as an optical modulator.

HIQUEL electrical component features

The self-resetting fuse is characterized by high breaking current capacity, capable of interrupting AC currents and even higher currents. This fuse has a very significant current-limiting effect; when the instantaneous current approaches 169 kA, it can rapidly limit the current. The structure of the self-resetting fuse mainly consists of current terminals (also called electrodes), mica glass (filler), insulating tube, fusible element, piston, argon gas, and housing. The housing of the self-resetting fuse is generally made of stainless steel. The stainless steel sleeve is separated from the internal beryllium oxide ceramic insulating tube by mica glass, which serves as both filler and insulator. The self-resetting fuse operates based on the characteristic of sodium metal, whose resistance increases sharply at high temperatures. Under normal operating conditions, current flows from the left current terminal, through the sodium metal fusible element within the fine pores of the beryllium oxide ceramic insulating tube, to the right current terminal, forming a current path. When a short-circuit fault occurs, the short-circuit current heats the sodium metal, vaporizing it into a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma state, causing its resistance to increase sharply, thereby achieving current limiting. At this point, the high pressure generated by the vaporized fusible element pushes the piston to the right, compressing the argon gas. After the circuit breaker interrupts the short-circuit current limited by the self-resetting fuse, the temperature of the sodium vapor drops, and the pressure decreases accordingly. The previously compressed argon gas condenses back into liquid and solid states, and its resistance value returns to the original level, allowing for reuse. Regarding the wiring of the self-resetting fuse, it is often used in series with a circuit breaker, with an additional resistor connected in parallel to suppress overvoltage during interruption. During normal operation, the self-resetting fuse is in a low-resistance state, and only a small current flows through the parallel resistor. When a line fault occurs, the self-resetting fuse enters a high-resistance state, and the parallel resistor absorbs the resulting overvoltage and maintains the operating current required for the circuit breaker trip unit, ensuring reliable interruption by the circuit breaker. Therefore, the current interrupted by the circuit breaker is actually the current-limited value provided by the self-resetting fuse.

HIQUEL electrical component classification

Based on structural differences, they are classified into full-availability trunks, partial-availability trunks, and link systems; based on service methods, they are classified into loss-system trunks and waiting-system trunks (see stochastic service systems); based on the number of traffic sources served, they are classified into infinite-source trunks and finite-source trunks. In telecommunication systems, equipment directly used for communication between users is mostly an infinite-source loss-system full-availability link system, while equipment used to control the connection process of communication devices is mostly an infinite-source waiting-system full-availability system. When the number of traffic sources is not very large relative to the trunk capacity, a finite-source full-availability system or partial-availability system is generally adopted. Based on the call behavior of traffic sources, i.e., whether users make new call attempts after a failed call, trunks can be divided into repeated-call systems and non-repeated-call systems. Actual communication systems all have repeated calls; non-repeated-call systems are an approximation of repeated-call systems. ① Full-availability trunks. If any service device (trunk line or selector) in the trunk can be used by any traffic source in the group of traffic sources it serves, such a trunk is called a full-availability trunk. ② Partial-availability trunks. If any traffic source in the traffic source group can only use part of the service devices in the trunk, such a trunk is called a partial-availability trunk. Partial-availability trunks divide the traffic source group into several subgroups, performing grading and multiple connections between the outlets of the traffic groups. This structure can be described by the example shown in the figure below.

HIQUEL electrical component classification

Based on structural differences, they are classified into full-availability trunks, partial-availability trunks, and link systems; based on service methods, they are classified into loss-system trunks and waiting-system trunks (see stochastic service systems); based on the number of traffic sources served, they are classified into infinite-source trunks and finite-source trunks. In telecommunication systems, equipment directly used for communication between users is mostly an infinite-source loss-system full-availability link system, while equipment used to control the connection process of communication devices is mostly an infinite-source waiting-system full-availability system. When the number of traffic sources is not very large relative to the trunk capacity, a finite-source full-availability system or partial-availability system is generally adopted. Based on the call behavior of traffic sources, i.e., whether users make new call attempts after a failed call, trunks can be divided into repeated-call systems and non-repeated-call systems. Actual communication systems all have repeated calls; non-repeated-call systems are an approximation of repeated-call systems. ① Full-availability trunks. If any service device (trunk line or selector) in the trunk can be used by any traffic source in the group of traffic sources it serves, such a trunk is called a full-availability trunk. ② Partial-availability trunks. If any traffic source in the traffic source group can only use part of the service devices in the trunk, such a trunk is called a partial-availability trunk. Partial-availability trunks divide the traffic source group into several subgroups, performing grading and multiple connections between the outlets of the traffic groups. This structure can be described by the example shown in the figure below.

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