UNICOMP electrical components Germany UNICOMP model UNICOMP price

UNICOMP electrical components are linear devices based on metallic induction. The function of a sensor is to convert various measured physical quantities into electrical signals. In production processes, displacement measurement is generally divided into two types: measuring physical dimensions and measuring mechanical displacement. Depending on the form of transformation of the measured variable, displacement sensors can be classified into analog and digital types. Analog types can be further divided into property-based and structural types. Commonly used displacement sensors are mostly analog structural types, including potentiometric displacement sensors, inductive displacement sensors, synchros, capacitive displacement sensors, eddy current displacement sensors, and Hall effect displacement sensors. An important advantage of digital displacement sensors is that they facilitate direct input of signals into computer systems. Displacement is a quantity related to the movement of an object's position during motion, and the scope of displacement measurement methods is quite extensive. Small displacements are typically detected using strain gauge, inductive, differential transformer, eddy current, and Hall effect sensors. Large displacements are commonly measured using sensing technologies such as induction synchronizers, optical gratings, capacitive gratings, and magnetic gratings. Among these, optical grating sensors are increasingly widely used in industries such as machine tool processing and testing instruments due to their advantages, including ease of digitization, high precision (with current highest resolution reaching the nanometer level), strong anti-interference capability, absence of human reading errors, convenient installation, and reliable operation.

UNICOMP electrical components composition

A sensor generally consists of four parts: a sensitive element, a conversion element, a signal conditioning circuit, and an auxiliary power supply. The sensitive element directly senses the measured quantity and outputs a physical signal with a definite relationship to the measured quantity. The conversion element converts the physical signal output by the sensitive element into an electrical signal. The signal conditioning circuit is responsible for amplifying and modulating the electrical signal output by the conversion element. The conversion element and the signal conditioning circuit generally require power from an auxiliary power supply.

UNICOMP electrical components characteristics

The static characteristics of a sensor refer to the relationship between the output and input quantities when the input signal is static. Since both input and output quantities are independent of time in this case, their relationship, i.e., the static characteristics of the sensor, can be described by an algebraic equation without time variables, or by a characteristic curve plotted with the input quantity as the abscissa and the corresponding output quantity as the ordinate. The main parameters characterizing the static characteristics of a sensor include: linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, repeatability, and drift. (1) Linearity: Refers to the degree to which the actual relationship curve between the sensor's output and input deviates from the fitted straight line. It is defined as the ratio of the maximum deviation between the actual characteristic curve and the fitted straight line over the full scale range to the full-scale output value. (2) Sensitivity: Sensitivity is an important indicator of a sensor's static characteristics. It is defined as the ratio of the increment in the output quantity to the corresponding increment in the input quantity that causes it. Use S to denote sensitivity. (3) Hysteresis: Hysteresis is the phenomenon where the input-output characteristic curves do not coincide when the input quantity changes from small to large (forward stroke) and from large to small (reverse stroke). For the same magnitude of input signal, the output signals for the forward and reverse strokes are not equal; this difference is called the hysteresis error. (4) Repeatability: Repeatability refers to the degree of inconsistency in the characteristic curves obtained when the input quantity undergoes continuous multiple full-scale changes in the same direction. (5) Drift: Sensor drift refers to the phenomenon where the sensor's output changes over time while the input remains constant. There are two main causes of drift: one is the sensor's own structural parameters, and the other is the surrounding environment (such as temperature, humidity, etc.). (6) Resolution: When the sensor's input increases slowly from a non-zero value, an observable change in output occurs after exceeding a certain increment. This input increment is called the sensor's resolution, i.e., the minimum input increment. (7) Threshold: When the sensor's input increases slowly from zero, an observable change in output occurs after reaching a certain value. This input value is called the sensor's threshold voltage.

UNICOMP electrical components applications

Thermistors can also be used as electronic circuit components for temperature compensation in instrument circuits and cold junction temperature compensation for thermocouples. Utilizing the self-heating characteristics of NTC thermistors enables automatic gain control, forming RC oscillator amplitude stabilization circuits, delay circuits, and protection circuits. When the self-heating temperature is much higher than the ambient temperature, the resistance is also related to the heat dissipation conditions of the environment. Therefore, this characteristic of thermistors is often utilized in flow meters, gas analyzers, and thermal conductivity analysis to create specialized detection elements. PTC thermistors are mainly used for overheat protection of electrical equipment, contactless relays, constant temperature control, automatic gain control, motor starting, time delay, automatic degaussing of color televisions, fire alarms, and temperature compensation. Main disadvantages: (1) The relationship between resistance and temperature is highly nonlinear; (2) Poor consistency and interchangeability of components; (3) Components are prone to aging and have poor stability; (4) Except for special high-temperature thermistors, most thermistors are only suitable for the range of 0 to 155 °C, which must be noted during use.

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