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EMK motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It uses energized coils (i.e., stator windings) to generate a rotating magnetic field that acts on the rotor (such as a squirrel-cage closed aluminum frame) to form electromagnetic rotational torque. Motors are classified into DC motors and AC motors according to the power supply used. Most motors in power systems are AC motors, which can be synchronous motors or asynchronous motors (the speed of the motor stator magnetic field does not remain synchronized with the rotor rotation speed). The motor mainly consists of a stator and a rotor. The direction of motion of the current-carrying conductor under force in the magnetic field is related to the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field lines (magnetic field direction). The working principle of the motor is that the magnetic field exerts a force on the current, causing the motor to rotate.

EMK motor applications

A most typical application of the motor is traction for maglev trains. Its advantages of high speed, comfort, safety, no pollution, no noise, no vibration, and energy saving are increasingly favored by people. The primary part (stator group) is installed on the track, making the vehicle lighter, power supply more convenient, and technology simpler. The levitation coil generates electromagnetic attraction, pulling the vehicle from below toward the track and maintaining a certain vertical distance. The magnetic force generated by the guidance coil maintains a certain lateral distance between the vehicle and the track. All of this is ensured by a set of high-precision electronic adjustment systems so that the vehicle remains constantly oriented and levitated at 10～15mm and moves in a straight line. The power for the levitation and guidance systems as well as the onboard equipment is supplied by the levitation linear generator. In the case of superconducting levitation, the vehicle can be levitated to above 100mm. Application of motors in vertical lifting systems: As modern high-rise buildings become taller and underground mining goes deeper, the defects of traditional rope hoisting systems become increasingly obvious, and the mechanical strength of the hoisting steel ropes also has a limit range. The hoisting system using permanent magnet linear synchronous motors is a ropeless hoisting system, featuring characteristics such as unlimited lifting height (depth) by equipment, fewer equipment units, less space occupation, simplified hoisting system, improved system efficiency, reduced construction costs, and saved electrical energy. Compared with steel rope hoisting systems, linear motor hoisting systems have another major advantage: they can achieve high-speed lifting that the latter cannot reach, shortening the lifting cycle and improving work efficiency.

EMK motor performance

The design of the motor spindle shaft end is also an issue that cannot be ignored for high-speed electric spindles. The selection of electric spindle bearings and their preload technology: Bearings used in high-speed spindle units mainly include angular contact ball bearings, magnetic levitation bearings, water-based hydrostatic/hydrodynamic bearings, and air hydrostatic/hydrodynamic bearings. Due to their high cost, complex control systems, and difficult-to-solve heating issues, magnetic levitation bearings have not yet been widely applied in high-speed spindle units. Water-based hydrostatic bearings are one of the popular research topics in China; they utilize the characteristics of water having a larger heat capacity and smaller bearing temperature rise, partially solving the serious heating problem of ordinary hydrodynamic/hydrostatic bearings, and are mainly used in low-speed heavy-load occasions. Air hydrostatic/hydrodynamic bearings have low radial stiffness and impact, but good high-speed performance, and are generally used on ultra-high-speed, light-load, precision spindles. Angular contact ball bearings with a dn value are applied in the following high-speed spindle units; they meet requirements well in terms of speed limit, load capacity, stiffness, precision, etc., and have been standardized with low prices. Angular contact ball bearings can also improve performance through the following methods.

EMK motor applications

Application of motors in precision machining: To improve productivity and enhance machining quality, ultra-high-speed and ultra-high-precision machining are key. Currently, the feed speed requirements for CNC machine tools have increased from 6～8m/min to greater than 50～60m/min, and acceleration requirements have reached 1～5g. This indicator cannot be achieved by traditional feed drive systems with intermediate transmission and conversion links, thus requiring a new type of actuator. This has led to the emergence of the new generation of linear motor feed drive systems. Since the end of the 20 century, the four major international machine tool exhibitions worldwide have shown that the direct drive of linear motors is increasingly applied to CNC machine tools, machining centers, presses, etc., which is a trend. Linear motor drives feature high thrust, high speed, high precision, and smooth feed motion. The machine tool feed system adopts direct drive by linear synchronous motors. The biggest difference from the original rotary motor transmission method is the elimination of the mechanical intermediate transmission link between the motor and the worktable (slide), i.e., reducing the length of the machine tool feed transmission chain to zero; hence, this transmission method is called "direct drive," also known as "zero transmission." Direct drive avoids disadvantages such as backlash, inertia, friction, and insufficient rigidity in lead screw transmission, bringing performance indicators and advantages that the original rotary motor drive method could not achieve.

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