T RACE motor, German T RACE model, T RACE price

T RACE motors refer to electric motors with a rated voltage above 1000V. Commonly used voltages are 6000V and 10000V; due to differences in foreign power grids, there are also voltage levels of 3300V and 6600V. High-voltage motors emerged because motor power is proportional to the product of voltage and current. Therefore, when the power of low-voltage motors increases to a certain extent (such as 300KW/380V), the current is limited by the allowable carrying capacity of the wires, making it difficult to increase further or resulting in excessive costs. High voltage is required to achieve high-power output. Advantages of high-voltage motors include high power and strong shock resistance; disadvantages include high inertia, making starting and braking difficult.

T RACE motor control principle

When the motor rotates, the control unit compares the speed composed of the speed and acceleration/deceleration rates set by the driver with the rate of change of the hall-sensor signal (or via software calculation) to determine which next set of switches (AH, BL or AH, CL or BH, CL or ...) conducts, as well as the conduction duration. If the speed is insufficient, the conduction time is lengthened; if the speed is excessive, it is shortened. This part of the work is completed by PWM. PWM determines whether the motor speed is fast or slow; how to generate such PWM is the core of achieving precise speed control. High-speed control must consider whether the system's CLOCK resolution is sufficient to handle the processing time of software commands. Additionally, the data access method for hall-sensor signal changes affects processor performance and judgment accuracy and real-time capability. For low-speed control, especially low-speed starting, the returned hall-sensor signal changes more slowly, making the signal capture method, processing timing, and appropriate configuration of control parameter values based on motor characteristics very important. Alternatively, speed feedback can be changed to reference encoder changes to increase signal resolution for better control. Smooth motor operation and good response cannot ignore the appropriateness of P.I.D control. As previously mentioned, brushless DC motors use closed-loop control, so the feedback signal indicates to the control unit how much the motor speed deviates from the target speed, which is the error.

T RACE motor classification

Motor classification: 1. Classification by power supply: Based on the operating power supply, motors are divided into DC motors and AC motors. AC motors are further divided into single-phase motors and three-phase motors. 2. Classification by structure and operating principle: Motors are divided into DC motors, asynchronous motors, and synchronous motors based on their structure and operating principle. Synchronous motors are further divided into permanent magnet synchronous motors, reluctance synchronous motors, and hysteresis synchronous motors. Asynchronous motors are divided into induction motors and AC commutator motors. Induction motors are further divided into three-phase asynchronous motors, single-phase asynchronous motors, and shaded-pole asynchronous motors. AC commutator motors are further divided into single-phase series-wound motors, AC/DC universal motors, and repulsion motors. 3. Classification by starting and running mode: Motors are divided into capacitor-start single-phase asynchronous motors, capacitor-run single-phase asynchronous motors, capacitor-start-and-run single-phase asynchronous motors, and split-phase single-phase asynchronous motors based on their starting and running modes. 4. Classification by application: Motors are divided into drive motors and control motors based on their application. Drive motors are further divided into motors for power tools (including drilling, polishing, grinding, slotting, cutting, reaming, and other tools), motors for home appliances (including washing machines, electric fans, refrigerators, air conditioners, recorders, VCRs, DVD players, vacuum cleaners, cameras, hair dryers, electric shavers, etc.), and motors for other general small mechanical equipment (including various small machine tools, small machinery, medical devices, electronic instruments, etc.). Control motors are further divided into stepper motors and servo motors. 5. Classification by rotor structure: Motors are divided into squirrel-cage induction motors (referred to as squirrel-cage asynchronous motors in old standards) and wound-rotor induction motors (referred to as wound-rotor asynchronous motors in old standards) based on the rotor structure. 6. Classification by operating speed: Motors are divided into high-speed motors, low-speed motors, constant-speed motors, and variable-speed motors based on their operating speed. 7. Classification by protection type: Open type and enclosed type: The rotating parts and live parts inside the motor housing have necessary mechanical protection to prevent accidental contact, without significantly obstructing ventilation. Protected motors are further divided into the following types based on their ventilation and protection structures: mesh-covered, drip-proof, splash-proof, enclosed, waterproof, watertight, submersible, and explosion-proof.

T RACE motor hotspots

Motor torque characteristics: To improve the torque characteristics of motors, many scholars and research institutions have made bold attempts and innovations in the structural design of permanent magnet synchronous motors, achieving many new advances. To resolve the contradiction between slot width and tooth width, transverse flux machine (transverse flux machine) technology was developed, where the armature coils and slot structure are spatially perpendicular, and the main magnetic flux flows along the axial direction of the motor, improving the motor's power density; a double-layer permanent magnet arrangement is adopted to increase the quadrature-axis conductance of the motor, thereby increasing the motor's output torque and maximum power; stator tooth shape and pole shape are changed to reduce motor torque ripple, etc. Field-weakening speed expansion capability: After adopting field-weakening control, the operating characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motors are more suitable for the driving requirements of electric vehicles. Under the same power requirements, the inverter capacity is reduced, and the efficiency of the drive system is improved. Therefore, permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicle drives universally adopt field-weakening speed expansion. To this end, research institutions domestically and internationally have proposed various schemes, such as adopting a double stator structure, using different windings at different speeds to maximize the utilization of the permanent magnet field; adopting a composite rotor structure, adding reluctance segments to the rotor to control the direct-axis and quadrature-axis reactance parameters of the motor, thereby increasing the motor's speed expansion capability; and adopting deep slots in the stator to increase direct-axis leakage reactance to expand the motor's speed range. Motor control theory: Due to the nonlinearity and multivariable nature of permanent magnet synchronous motors, control is difficult and algorithms are complex; traditional vector control methods often fail to meet requirements. Therefore, some advanced control methods have been applied in permanent magnet synchronous motor speed control systems, including adaptive observers, model reference adaptive control, high-frequency signal injection, and intelligent control methods such as fuzzy control and genetic algorithms. These control methods do not rely on the mathematical model of the controlled object, offering good adaptability and robustness, and have unique advantages for highly nonlinear systems like permanent magnet synchronous motors.

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