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Leeson motor is a type of motor that can be used in flammable and explosive environments, producing no electrical sparks during operation. Explosion-proof motors are mainly used in coal mines, oil and natural gas, petrochemical, and chemical industries. In addition, they are widely used in textiles, metallurgy, urban gas, transportation, grain and oil processing, papermaking, pharmaceuticals, and other sectors. As main power equipment, explosion-proof motors are typically used to drive pumps, fans, compressors, and other transmission machinery.

Leeson motor classification

In motors, classified by the supply method of excitation current, permanent magnet synchronous motors are synchronous motors that use permanent magnets to establish the excitation magnetic field; their stators produce a rotating magnetic field, and the rotors are made of permanent magnet materials. Synchronous motors require a DC magnetic field for energy conversion; the DC current producing this field is called the motor's excitation current. Separately excited motor: a motor that obtains excitation current from another power source. Self-excited motor: a motor that obtains excitation current from the motor itself. Classified by supply frequency, permanent magnet brushless motors include two types: permanent magnet brushless DC motors and permanent magnet brushless AC motors; both require variable frequency power supply when operating as motors. The former requires only a square-wave inverter for power supply, while the latter requires a sine-wave inverter. Classified by air gap magnetic field distribution: Sine-wave permanent magnet synchronous motor: the magnetic poles use permanent magnet materials; when three-phase sine-wave current is input, the air gap magnetic field distributes according to a sine law, abbreviated as permanent magnet synchronous motor. Trapezoidal-wave permanent magnet synchronous motor: the magnetic poles still use permanent magnet materials, but with square-wave current input, the air gap magnetic field distributes in a trapezoidal wave pattern, with performance closer to that of a DC motor. A self-controlled variable frequency synchronous motor constructed using a trapezoidal-wave permanent magnet synchronous motor is also known as a brushless DC motor.

Leeson motor control method

Constant V/f control method for motors: The constant voltage-to-frequency ratio control method for permanent magnet synchronous motors is similar to that for AC induction motors. It controls the amplitude and frequency of the motor input voltage to change simultaneously, thereby keeping the motor flux constant. The constant V/f control method can meet the requirements of wide-range speed regulation systems. Without feeding back physical signals such as current, voltage, or position, it can still achieve a certain level of control accuracy, which is the greatest advantage of the constant V/f control method. The constant V/f control method features simple control algorithms and low hardware costs, and has been widely used in the field of general-purpose variable frequency drives. The disadvantages of the constant V/f control method are also obvious. Since there is no feedback of speed, position, or any other signals during the control process, it is almost impossible to obtain information on the motor's operating status, let alone precisely control the rotational speed or electromagnetic torque. The system performance is average, and the dynamic response is poor, especially when the target speed changes or the load undergoes sudden changes, where problems such as step-out and oscillation are prone to occur. Obviously, this control method cannot separately control torque and excitation current, and large excitation currents tend to exist during the control process, affecting the motor's efficiency. Therefore, this control method is commonly used in general-purpose variable frequency drives with lower performance requirements, such as air conditioners, conveyor belt drive control in production lines, and energy-saving operation of water pumps and fans.

Leeson motor fault analysis

The engine speed and crankshaft position sensor detects the speed signal and provides the crankshaft position signal during engine operation, serving as the main basis and foundation for the control system to perform various controls. If the sensor or its wiring fails, the ECU cannot receive the speed signal and crankshaft position signal, making it impossible to correctly control fuel injection and ignition timing, resulting in phenomena such as injectors not operating and spark plugs not firing. Inspection using a stethoscope and timing light can confirm whether the injectors and spark plugs are working. When the above faults occur, the self-diagnostic system usually displays fault codes, and a comprehensive inspection should be conducted on the speed sensor, 1 and 2 camshaft position sensors and their wiring. First, disconnect the connectors of each sensor and check their resistance; if the resistance value is abnormal, replacement is required; if normal, then check whether the wiring and connectors between the ECU and each sensor are normal. If the fuel pump or control circuit fails, it will also cause a lack of fuel pressure in the fuel supply system. Even if the injectors work normally, fuel cannot be injected properly. The inspection method is: use a jumper wire to connect diagnostic plug terminals +B and FP, then turn on the ignition switch (without starting), and check for pressure in the fuel inlet hose. If there is pressure in the hose and a return fuel sound can be heard, it indicates that the fuel pump itself has no problem; otherwise, the fuel pump should be checked, and a multimeter can be used to measure the resistance between terminals 4 and 5; if it does not match the specification, the fuel pump needs to be replaced. If the fuel pump works normally, its control circuit should be checked, mainly including fuses, EFI main relay, fuel pump relay, resistors, and all wiring and connectors.

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