HELMKE motors Germany HELMKE models HELMKE prices

HELMKE motors refer to motors that, under standard environmental conditions, operate continuously at 100% rated load within a speed range of 10% to 100% rated speed, without the temperature rise exceeding the motor's specified permissible value. For asynchronous motors, when the slip variation is small, the speed is proportional to the frequency; thus, changing the power supply frequency changes the speed of the asynchronous motor. During variable frequency speed control, it is generally desired to keep the main magnetic flux constant. If the main magnetic flux is greater than the flux during normal operation, the magnetic circuit becomes oversaturated, causing an increase in excitation current and a decrease in power factor; if the main magnetic flux is less than the flux during normal operation, the motor torque decreases.

Basic meaning of HELMKE motors

A motor is what people commonly refer to today as a starter motor. It rotates the starter rotor by energizing coils in a magnetic field, and the pinion gear on the rotor drives the engine flywheel, thereby rotating the crankshaft to start the vehicle. Two component innovations—the new low-cost spark plug with a ceramic core base and the starter—laid the technical foundation for automotive development. The electric starter replaced the heavy and dangerous hand crank, making driving safer, easier, and more convenient, which was particularly favored by a broad new consumer base, including women. At the time, Henry Leland, manager of the Cadillac division of General Motors, immediately recognized the potential of this technological achievement and quickly adopted it as standard equipment on the company's 1912 version of Cadillac models, earning these Cadillacs the name "car without a crank." The introduction of the electric starter is still recognized today as the most influential automotive innovation of the twentieth century.

HELMKE motor classification

Motors generally share the same working principles and application characteristics as DC motors, but their compositions differ. In addition to the motor itself, the former includes a commutation circuit, with the motor body and commutation circuit closely integrated. In many low-power motors, the motor body is integrated with the commutation circuit; visually, brushless DC motors appear identical to DC motors. The motor body of a brushless DC motor is the electromechanical energy conversion part; in addition to the armature and permanent magnet excitation, it includes sensors. The motor body is the core of the brushless DC motor, affecting performance indicators, noise and vibration, reliability, service life, manufacturing costs, and product costs. The use of permanent magnet fields allows brushless DC motors to break away from the traditional design and structure of conventional DC motors, meeting various market application requirements and developing towards copper saving, material efficiency, and simplified manufacturing. The development of permanent magnet fields is closely related to the application of permanent magnet materials; the application of third-generation permanent magnet materials has promoted brushless DC motors towards high efficiency, miniaturization, and energy savings. Electronic commutation requires position signals to control the circuit. Early systems used electromechanical position sensors to obtain position signals, but electronic position sensors or other methods are now gradually used; the simplest method is to use the back EMF signal of the armature winding as the position signal. Speed control requires speed signals. Speed signals are obtained using methods similar to those for position signals; the simplest speed sensor combines a frequency-measuring tachometer generator with electronic circuits. The commutation circuit of a brushless DC motor consists of drive and control parts, which are difficult to separate, especially in low-power applications where they are often integrated into a single dedicated IC. In higher-power motors, the drive and control circuits can be separate. The drive circuit outputs electrical power to drive the motor armature winding and is controlled by the control circuit. Drive circuits have shifted from linear amplification to pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching states, and their composition has changed from discrete transistor circuits to modular integrated circuits. Modular integrated circuits may consist of power bipolar transistors, power FETs, and insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Although IGBTs are more expensive, they are more suitable in terms of reliability, safety, and performance. The control circuit regulates motor speed, direction, current (or torque), and provides protection against overcurrent, overvoltage, and overheating. These parameters are easily converted to analog signals for simpler control, but the trend is to convert motor parameters to digital values for control via digital control circuits. Currently, control circuits are implemented using ASICs, microprocessors, or digital signal processors (DSPs). For applications with less stringent control requirements, ASIC-based control circuits are simple and practical. DSP-based control circuits represent the future direction; DSPs will be discussed further in the section on AC synchronous servo motors. Brushless DC motors are a rapidly developing type of motor in the micropower range. Since different application fields require unique brushless DC motors, there are many types. These generally include coreless flat motors for computer external storage and VCD, DVD, and CD spindle drives; outer rotor motors for small ventilators; multi-pole magnetic field structures and internal mounting structures for home appliances; and multi-pole, outer rotor structures for electric bicycles. In these brushless DC motors, the motor body and circuit are integrated, making them very convenient to use, and their production volume is very large. To meet the market demand for high volume and low cost, brushless DC motor production must achieve economies of scale. Therefore, the brushless DC motor industry is characterized by high investment and high output. Meanwhile, we must consider continuous market development; for example, motors for household air conditioners are shifting from 3A to 3D, creating a demand for a large number of medium- and low-power brushless DC motors, making the research and development of such motors an urgent task.

HELMKE motor structure

A motor can be viewed as a DC motor in which mechanical commutation is replaced by electronic commutation, mainly consisting of a synchronous motor body, a power electronic inverter, a rotor position detector, and a controller. The rotor of the synchronous motor is mainly composed of permanent magnets and magnetic conductors. A permanent magnet brushless DC motor mainly consists of a permanent magnet motor body, a rotor position sensor, and an electronic commutation circuit. In both structure and control method, permanent magnet brushless DC motors share many similarities with traditional DC motors: the rotor with permanent magnets replaces the stator poles of a brushed DC motor; the stator with multi-phase windings replaces the armature; and an electronic commutator composed of a solid-state inverter and shaft position detector replaces the mechanical commutator and brushes.

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