apicom electrical components Germany apicom model apicom price

apicom electrical components are current-limiting components. When a resistor is connected in a circuit, its resistance is fixed, typically with two pins, and it limits the current flowing through the branch to which it is connected. Resistors with unchangeable resistance are called fixed resistors. Those with variable resistance are called potentiometers or variable resistors. An ideal resistor is linear, meaning the instantaneous current through the resistor is directly proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Variable resistors used for voltage division have one or two movable metal contacts pressed tightly against the exposed resistive element. The position of the contact determines the resistance between either end of the resistive element and the contact. A two-terminal device where terminal voltage and current have a definite functional relationship, reflecting the ability to convert electrical energy into other forms, is represented by the letter R, with the unit Ohm (Ω). Actual devices such as light bulbs, heating wires, and resistors can all be represented as resistor components. The resistance value of a resistive element is generally related to temperature, material, length, and cross-sectional area. The physical quantity measuring the extent to which resistance is affected by temperature is the temperature coefficient, defined as the percentage change in resistance value when the temperature rises by 1 ℃. The main physical characteristic of a resistor is converting electrical energy into thermal energy; it can also be described as a dissipative component, generating internal energy as current passes through it. Resistors typically serve to divide voltage and current in circuits. For signals, both AC and DC signals can pass through resistors.

apicom electrical component features

The characteristics of self-resetting fuses include high breaking current capacity, capable of interrupting AC and even higher currents. This type of fuse has a very significant current-limiting effect; when the instantaneous current reaches close to 165 kA, it can rapidly limit the current. The structure of a self-resetting fuse mainly consists of current terminals (also called electrodes), mica glass (filler), insulating tube, fusible element, piston, argon gas, and housing. The housing of the self-resetting fuse is generally made of stainless steel, with mica glass separating the stainless steel sleeve from the internal beryllium oxide ceramic insulating tube; mica glass serves as both filler and insulator. Self-resetting fuses operate based on the property of sodium metal whose resistance increases sharply at high temperatures. Under normal operating conditions, current flows from the left current terminal, through the sodium metal fusible element within the fine pores of the beryllium oxide ceramic insulating tube, to the right current terminal, forming a current path. When a short-circuit fault occurs, the short-circuit current heats the sodium metal, vaporizing it into a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma state, causing its resistance to increase sharply, thereby achieving current limitation. At this point, the high pressure generated by the vaporized fusible element pushes the piston to the right, compressing the argon gas. After the circuit breaker interrupts the short-circuit current limited by the self-resetting fuse, the temperature of the sodium vapor drops, and the pressure decreases accordingly. The previously compressed argon gas condenses back into liquid and solid states, and its resistance value drops back to the original value, ready for reuse. Regarding the wiring of self-resetting fuses, they are often used in series with circuit breakers, with an additional resistor connected in parallel to suppress overvoltage during interruption. During normal operation, the self-resetting fuse is in a low-resistance state, and only a small current flows through the parallel resistor. When a line fault occurs, the self-resetting fuse enters a high-resistance state; the parallel resistor absorbs the resulting overvoltage and maintains the operating current required for the circuit breaker trip unit, ensuring reliable interruption by the circuit breaker. Therefore, the current interrupted by the circuit breaker is effectively the current-limited value provided by the self-resetting fuse.

apicom electrical component principle

The basic principle of a multimeter is to use a sensitive moving-coil DC ammeter (microammeter) as the meter head. When a small current passes through the meter head, a current indication is produced. However, the meter head cannot handle large currents, so resistors must be connected in parallel and in series with the meter head to shunt current or reduce voltage, thereby measuring the current, voltage, and resistance in the circuit. In a digital multimeter, the measurement process involves converting the measured quantity into a DC voltage signal via a conversion circuit, then converting the analog voltage into a digital value using an A/D (A/D) converter, counting the digital value with an electronic counter, and finally displaying the measurement result directly as numbers on the display screen. The functions for measuring voltage, current, and resistance are implemented by the conversion circuit section, and the measurements of current and resistance are both based on voltage measurement; that is, a digital multimeter is an extension built upon a digital DC voltmeter. The A/D (A/D) converter in a digital DC voltmeter converts continuously varying analog voltage over time into digital values, which are then counted by an electronic counter to obtain the measurement result, and the result is displayed by a decoding display circuit. The logic control circuit coordinates the operation of the circuits, completing the entire measurement process in sequence under the action of a clock.

apicom electrical component principle

An LCD is a display that uses liquid crystal as the material. Liquid crystals are a class of organic compounds intermediate between solid and liquid states. At room temperature, they exhibit both the fluidity of a liquid and the optical anisotropy of a crystal. When heated, they become a transparent liquid state; when cooled, they become a crystalline, opaque solid state. Under the influence of an electric field, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules changes, thereby affecting the intensity of light passing through the liquid crystal. This change in light intensity is further manifested as a change in brightness due to the effect of polarizers. Accordingly, by controlling the electric field applied to the liquid crystal, changes in light brightness can be achieved, thus accomplishing information display. Therefore, the role of liquid crystal material is similar to that of tiny "light valves." Because control circuits and drive circuits exist around the liquid crystal material, when electrodes in the LCD generate an electric field, the liquid crystal molecules twist, causing regular refraction of the light passing through them (the optical rotation of the liquid crystal material), which is then filtered by a second polarizer and displayed on the screen. It is worth noting that because liquid crystal materials do not emit light themselves, an LCD typically requires an additional light source configured for the display panel. The main light source system is called the "backlight module," in which the backlight plate is composed of fluorescent materials that emit light, primarily providing a uniform backlight source.

Weidou Intelligent Technology specializes in selling German apicom connectors, apicom switches, apicom relays, apicom controllers, apicom plugs, apicom sensors, apicom resistors, apicom capacitors, apicom buses, apicom modules, apicom cables, apicom power supplies, apicom interfaces, apicom gateways, and apicom circuit breakers. apicom products are original imports from Germany. We welcome inquiries and orders from users.