ATX Power Supplies electrical components German ATX Power Supplies models ATX Power Supplies prices

ATX Power Supplies electrical components are devices that convert alternating current into direct current, and can be used in power supply units and for detecting radio signals, among other applications. Rectifiers can be made from vacuum tubes, ignitrons, solid-state silicon semiconductor diodes, mercury arcs, etc. Conversely, a device that converts direct current into alternating current is called an "inverter". In standby UPS systems, only battery charging is required, not power supply to the load, so only a charger is present. In double-conversion UPS systems, this device supplies power to the inverter and also charges the battery, hence it is called a rectifier/charger. A rectifier is a rectification device; simply put, it is a device that converts AC to DC. It has two main functions: first, to convert alternating current into direct current, which is then filtered and supplied to the load or to the inverter; second, to provide charging voltage to the battery. Therefore, it also serves as a charger.

ATX Power Supplies electrical component principles

A diesel engine drives the generator to operate, converting the energy of diesel into electrical energy. Inside the diesel engine cylinder, clean air filtered through the air filter mixes thoroughly with high-pressure atomized diesel injected by the fuel nozzle. Under the compression of the upward-moving piston, the volume decreases, and the temperature rises rapidly to reach the ignition point of diesel. The diesel ignites, the mixture burns violently, the volume expands rapidly, pushing the piston downward, which is called "work". A gasoline engine drives the generator to operate, converting the energy of gasoline into electrical energy. Inside the gasoline engine cylinder, the mixture burns violently, the volume expands rapidly, pushing the piston downward to perform work. Whether it is a diesel generator or a gasoline generator, each cylinder performs work sequentially in a certain order. The thrust acting on the piston is converted into force driving the crankshaft rotation via the connecting rod, thereby rotating the crankshaft. By mounting a brushless synchronous AC generator coaxially with the prime mover's crankshaft, the rotation of the prime mover drives the generator rotor. Using the principle of 'electromagnetic induction', the generator outputs induced electromotive force, generating current through the closed load circuit.

ATX Power Supplies electrical component functions

The main purposes of disconnect switches (knife switches) are: 1, to isolate the power source, disconnecting high-voltage maintenance equipment from live equipment, creating a clearly visible break point between them. 2, disconnect switches cooperate with circuit breakers to perform switching operations as required by the system operating mode, changing the system wiring configuration. 3, to connect or disconnect low-current circuits. Disconnect switches can perform the following operations: make or break bypass currents of closed-loop switches; make or break grounding connections at transformer neutrals, but if an arc-suppression coil is connected to the neutral, operation is permitted only when the system is fault-free; make or break voltage transformers and surge arresters; make or break capacitive currents of busbars and equipment directly connected to busbars; make or break no-load lines with capacitive currents not exceeding 5 amperes; triple-pole disconnect switches can make or break loads with voltages up to 10 kilovolts and currents below 18 amperes, etc. When operating disconnect switches, note that when energizing a line, close the busbar-side disconnect switch first, then the line-side disconnect switch, and finally the circuit breaker. When de-energizing a line, open the circuit breaker first, then open the disconnect switches. Do not make or break high-voltage disconnect switches under load.

ATX Power Supplies electrical component principles

In chemical batteries, the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy results from spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions occurring internally within the battery, taking place at two separate electrodes. The negative electrode active material consists of reducing agents with more negative potentials that are stable in the electrolyte, such as active metals like zinc, cadmium, and lead, as well as hydrogen or hydrocarbons. The positive electrode active material consists of oxidizing agents with more positive potentials that are stable in the electrolyte, such as metal oxides like manganese dioxide, lead dioxide, and nickel oxide, oxygen or air, halogens and their salts, oxyacids and their salts, etc. The electrolyte is a material with good ionic conductivity, such as aqueous solutions of acids, bases, and salts, organic or inorganic non-aqueous solutions, molten salts, or solid electrolytes. When the external circuit is open, although there is a potential difference (open-circuit voltage) between the two electrodes, no current flows, and the chemical energy stored in the battery is not converted into electrical energy. When the external circuit is closed, current flows through the external circuit under the influence of the potential difference between the two electrodes. Simultaneously, inside the battery, since there are no free electrons in the electrolyte, charge transfer must accompany oxidation or reduction reactions at the interface between the active materials of the two electrodes and the electrolyte, as well as mass transport of reactants and reaction products. Charge transfer within the electrolyte is also accomplished by ion migration. Therefore, normal charge and mass transport processes inside the battery are necessary conditions for ensuring normal electrical energy output. During charging, the direction of charge and mass transport processes inside the battery is exactly opposite to that during discharge; electrode reactions must be reversible to ensure the normal progression of reverse mass and charge transport processes. Thus, reversibility of electrode reactions is a necessary condition for constituting a storage battery. This is the fundamental thermodynamic relationship between battery electromotive force and battery reaction, and also the basic thermodynamic equation for calculating battery energy conversion efficiency. In practice, when current flows through an electrode, the electrode potential deviates from the thermodynamically balanced electrode potential; this phenomenon is called polarization. The greater the current density (current passing through unit electrode area), the more severe the polarization. Polarization is one of the important causes of energy loss in batteries. There are three causes of polarization: (1) polarization caused by the resistance of various parts within the battery is called ohmic polarization; (2) polarization caused by the hindrance of charge transfer processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface layer is called activation polarization; (3) polarization caused by sluggish mass transport processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface layer is called concentration polarization. Methods to reduce polarization include increasing the electrode reaction area, decreasing current density, raising the reaction temperature, and improving the catalytic activity of the electrode surface.

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