btr electrical components Germany btr model btr price

btr electrical component is a sensor that converts the state of the measured object into a measurable optical signal. The working principle of a fiber optic sensor is to guide the light beam from the light source via an optical fiber into a modulator, where it interacts with external measured parameters, causing changes in the optical properties of the light such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, and polarization state, thereby becoming a modulated optical signal. This signal is then transmitted via optical fiber to a photodetector and demodulator to obtain the measured parameters. Throughout this process, the light beam is guided through the optical fiber, passes through the modulator, and is then emitted. The primary function of the optical fiber is to transmit the light beam, and secondly, to act as an optical modulator.

btr electrical component classification

Classification by application: toggle switches, band switches, record/playback switches, power switches, selector switches, limit switches, control switches, changeover switches, isolator switches, travel switches, wall switches, smart fire protection switches, etc. Classification by structure: microswitches, rocker switches, toggle switches, slide switches, pushbutton switches, key switches, as well as fashionable membrane switches and dot switches. Classification by contact type: switches can be divided into a-type contacts, b-type contacts, and c-type contacts. Contact type refers to the relationship between the operating condition (contacts close when the switch is pressed) and the contact state. Select the appropriate contact type based on the intended use. Classification by number of circuits: single-control switches, two-way switches, multi-control switches, dimmer switches, speed control switches, splash-proof boxes, doorbell switches, proximity switches, touch switches, remote control switches, smart switches, card-operated power switches, and dedicated switches for bathroom heaters.

btr electrical component functions

(1) often compares the functions of sensors to the 5 major human sensory organs: photosensitive sensors - vision, acoustic sensors - hearing, gas-sensitive sensors - smell, chemical sensors - taste, pressure-sensitive, temperature-sensitive, and fluid sensors - touch. (2) Classification of sensitive elements: Physical category, based on physical effects such as force, heat, light, electricity, magnetism, and sound. Chemical category, based on the principles of chemical reactions. Biological category, based on molecular recognition functions such as enzymes, antibodies, and hormones. Typically, they can be divided into ten major categories based on their basic sensing functions: thermal elements, photosensitive elements, gas-sensitive elements, force-sensitive elements, magnetic-sensitive elements, humidity-sensitive elements, acoustic-sensitive elements, radiation-sensitive elements, color-sensitive elements, and taste-sensitive elements (some have also classified sensitive elements into 51 categories).

btr electrical component principle

When two different conductors or semiconductors A and B form a loop with their ends connected, as long as the temperatures at the two junctions are different, with one end at temperature T, called the working end or hot end, and the other end at temperature T0, called the free end or cold end, an electromotive force (EMF) will be generated in the loop. The direction and magnitude of this EMF depend on the materials of the conductors and the temperatures at the two junctions. This phenomenon is called the "thermoelectric effect," the loop formed by the two conductors is called a "thermocouple," these two conductors are called "thermoelectrodes," and the generated EMF is called "thermoelectric EMF." Thermoelectric EMF consists of two parts: the contact EMF between the two conductors and the temperature difference EMF of a single conductor. The magnitude of the thermoelectric EMF in a thermocouple loop depends only on the conductor materials forming the thermocouple and the temperatures at the two junctions, and is independent of the shape and size of the thermocouple. Once the materials of the two electrodes of the thermocouple are fixed, the thermoelectric EMF is a function of the temperature difference between t and t0. This relationship is widely used in practical temperature measurement. Since the cold end t0 is constant, the thermoelectric EMF generated by the thermocouple changes only with the temperature of the hot end (measurement end), meaning a specific thermoelectric EMF corresponds to a specific temperature. We can achieve temperature measurement by measuring the thermoelectric EMF. The basic principle of thermocouple temperature measurement is that two different material conductors form a closed loop, and when there is a temperature gradient between the two ends, current flows through the loop, creating an EMF between the two ends - the thermoelectric EMF, known as the Seebeck effect. Two homogeneous conductors of different compositions serve as thermoelectrodes, with the higher temperature end being the working end and the lower temperature end being the free end, which is usually maintained at a constant temperature. Based on the functional relationship between thermoelectric EMF and temperature, thermocouple calibration tables are created; these tables are obtained under the condition that the free end temperature is 8°C, and different thermocouples have different calibration tables. When a third metal material is introduced into the thermocouple loop, as long as the temperatures at the two junctions of this material are the same, the thermoelectric EMF produced by the thermocouple remains unchanged, i.e., it is not affected by the introduction of the third metal into the loop. Therefore, during thermocouple temperature measurement, a measuring instrument can be connected, and once the thermoelectric EMF is measured, the temperature of the measured medium can be determined. Thermocouple temperature measurement requires that the temperature of the cold end (the measurement end is the hot end, and the end connected to the measurement circuit via lead wires is called the cold end) remains constant, so that the thermoelectric EMF has a proportional relationship with the measured temperature. If the (ambient) temperature of the cold end changes during measurement, it will seriously affect the accuracy of the measurement. Taking certain measures at the cold end to compensate for the impact of cold end temperature changes is called thermocouple cold end compensation. Special compensation cables are used to connect to the measuring instrument. Thermocouple cold end compensation calculation methods: (1) From millivolts to temperature: Measure the cold end temperature, convert it to the corresponding millivolt value, add it to the thermocouple's millivolt value, and convert to temperature; (2) From temperature to millivolts: Measure the actual temperature and cold end temperature, convert them separately to millivolt values, subtract to obtain the millivolt value, and thus determine the temperature.

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