Cavotec electrical components Germany Cavotec model Cavotec price

Cavotec electrical components refer to switching devices capable of closing, carrying, and breaking current under normal circuit conditions, and closing, carrying, and breaking current under abnormal circuit conditions within a specified time. Circuit breakers are classified into high-voltage and low-voltage types based on their application range; the boundary between high and low voltage is somewhat ambiguous, but generally, devices above 3kV are referred to as high-voltage apparatus. Circuit breakers can be used to distribute electrical energy, infrequently start asynchronous motors, and protect power lines and motors. When severe faults such as overload, short circuit, or undervoltage occur, they can automatically cut off the circuit. Their function is equivalent to a combination of fuse switches and over/under thermal relays. Moreover, component replacement is generally not required after interrupting fault currents. They have been widely applied. In the generation, transmission, and use of electricity, power distribution is an extremely important link. The distribution system includes transformers and various high- and low-voltage electrical equipment, with low-voltage circuit breakers being a widely used type of electrical apparatus.

Cavotec electrical component classification

For different application scenarios, the purpose of applying varistors and the voltage/current stresses acting on them vary; therefore, the requirements for varistors also differ. It is very important to distinguish these differences for correct usage. According to different purposes, varistors can be divided into two main categories: varistors for protection and varistors for circuit functions. ① Varistors for protection: 1, distinguish between varistors for power supply protection and those for signal line or data line protection, as they must meet the requirements of different technical standards. 2, according to the different continuous operating voltages applied to the varistor, varistors across power lines can be classified into two types: AC type and DC type. The aging characteristics of varistors under these two voltage stresses are different. 4, according to the different abnormal overvoltage characteristics withstandable by the varistor, varistors can be classified into three types: surge suppression type, high-power type, and high-energy type. ② Surge suppression type: refers to varistors used to suppress transient overvoltages such as lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The occurrence of such transient overvoltages is random and non-periodic, and the peak current and voltage may be very high. The vast majority of varistors belong to this category. ③ High-power type: refers to varistors used to absorb continuous pulse groups that occur periodically, such as varistors connected in parallel to switching power supply converters. Here, the impulse voltage occurs periodically, and the period is known. The energy value can generally be calculated. The voltage peak is not large, but due to the high frequency of occurrence, the average power is quite significant. ④ High-energy type: refers to varistors used to absorb magnetic energy in large inductive coils such as generator excitation coils and lifting electromagnet coils. For such applications, the main technical indicator is energy absorption capability. The protective function of varistors can be repeated many times in most application scenarios, but sometimes they are made into one-time protective devices like current fuses. For example, varistors with short-circuit contacts connected in parallel to the loads of certain current transformers.

Cavotec electrical component characteristics

The characteristics of inductors are opposite to those of capacitors; they block alternating current (AC) while allowing direct current (DC) to pass smoothly. The resistance when a DC signal passes through the coil is simply the wire's own resistance, resulting in a very small voltage drop. When an AC signal passes through the coil, a self-induced electromotive force (EMF) is generated at both ends of the coil. The direction of this self-induced EMF is opposite to that of the applied voltage, hindering the passage of AC. Therefore, the characteristic of an inductor is to pass DC and block AC; the higher the frequency, the greater the coil impedance. Inductors often work together with capacitors in circuits to form LC filters, LC oscillators, etc. Additionally, people utilize the characteristics of inductance to manufacture chokes, transformers, relays, and other components. Passing DC: refers to the inductor presenting a conductive state to DC. If the resistance of the inductor coil is ignored, DC can pass through the inductor "unimpeded." For DC, the coil's own resistance has a minimal obstructive effect, so it is often ignored in circuit analysis. Blocking AC: When AC passes through the inductor coil, the inductor presents an obstruction to the AC. This obstruction to AC is the inductive reactance of the coil.

Cavotec electrical component structure

1. LCD panel: The LCD panel includes polarizing films, glass substrates, black matrix, color filters, protective films, common electrodes, alignment layers, liquid crystal layer (liquid crystal, spacers, sealant), capacitors, display electrodes, prism sheets, and diffuser layers. Polarizing films, also known as polarizers, are divided into upper and lower polarizers. The polarization functions of the upper and lower polarizers are perpendicular to each other. They act like fences, blocking light wave components perpendicular to the polarizer fence according to requirements, while only allowing light wave components parallel to the fence to pass. 2. Glass substrate: In liquid crystal displays, glass substrates are divided into upper and lower substrates. Their main function is to hold the liquid crystal material in the space between the two substrates. The material for glass substrates is generally alkali-free borosilicate glass with excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance. For TFT-LCD, one glass substrate is distributed with TFT, while the other glass substrate is deposited with color filters. 3. Black matrix: The black matrix uses highly light-blocking materials to separate the red, green, and blue primary colors in the color filter (to prevent color mixing) and prevent light leakage, thereby improving the contrast of each color block. Additionally, in TFT-LCD, the black matrix can conceal internal electrode wiring or thin-film transistors. Color filters, also known as color filter membranes, generate 3 primary colors (red, green, blue) to achieve full-color display in liquid crystal displays. 4. Alignment film: Also known as orientation film or alignment layer, its function is to enable uniform arrangement and orientation of liquid crystal molecules at the microscopic level. 5. Transparent electrodes: Transparent electrodes are divided into common electrodes and pixel electrodes. The input signal voltage is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Transparent electrodes are typically formed by depositing indium tin oxide (ITO) material on the glass substrate to create a transparent conductive layer. 6. Liquid crystal material: In LCD, liquid crystal material acts like a light valve, controlling the brightness of transmitted light to achieve information display. 7. Driver IC: The driver IC is essentially a set of integrated circuit chip devices used to adjust and control the phase, peak value, frequency, etc., of potential signals on the transparent electrodes, establishing a driving electric field to ultimately realize information display on the LCD. In LCD panels, active matrix LCDs are constructed by sealing twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal material between two glass substrates. The upper glass substrate (close to the display screen) is deposited with red, green, and blue (RGB) color filters (or color filter membranes), black matrix, and common transparent electrodes. The lower glass substrate (the substrate farther from the display screen) is equipped with thin-film transistor (TFT) devices, transparent pixel electrodes, storage capacitors, gate lines, signal lines, etc. Alignment films (or alignment layers) are prepared on the inner sides of the two glass substrates to orient the liquid crystal molecules. Liquid crystal material is injected between the two glass substrates, and spacers are distributed to ensure uniform gap thickness. The perimeter is bonded with frame adhesive for sealing, and the common electrodes of the upper and lower glass substrates are connected using silver dot adhesive technology. Polarizers (or polarizing films) are attached to the outer sides of the upper and lower glass substrates, respectively. When a voltage is applied between the pixel transparent electrode and the common transparent electrode, the arrangement state of the liquid crystal molecules changes. Consequently, the intensity of incident light passing through the liquid crystal also changes. LCDs utilize the optical rotation property of liquid crystal materials combined with electric field control to achieve information display. 8. Backlight module: LCD products are non-emissive electronic devices that do not possess inherent luminous properties. They rely on light emission from the source in the backlight module to achieve display performance. Therefore, the brightness of LCD is determined by its backlight module. Thus, the performance of the backlight module directly affects the display quality of the LCD panel. The backlight module includes illumination sources, reflectors, light guide plates, diffusion sheets, brightness enhancement films (prism sheets), and frames. Backlight modules used in LCD can be mainly divided into edge-lit backlight modules and direct-lit backlight modules. Mobile phones, laptops, and monitors (15 inches) mainly use edge-lit backlight modules, while LCD TVs mostly use direct-lit backlight module light sources. Cold cathode fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diodes are the main backlight sources for LCD. 9. Reflector: Also known as a reflection cover, its main function is to direct all light emitted by the source into the light guide plate, minimizing unnecessary loss. 1. Light guide plate: Its main function is to guide light from the side light source to the front of the panel. 11. Prism sheet: Also known as a brightness enhancement film, its main function is to concentrate scattered light through refraction and total internal reflection within the film layer, emitting it from the backlight source at a specific angle to enhance screen brightness.12. Diffusion sheet: The main function of the diffusion sheet is to correct the edge-lit light from the backlight module into a uniform surface light source to achieve optical diffusion. Diffusion sheets are divided into upper and lower diffusion sheets. The upper diffusion sheet is located between the prism sheet and the LCD assembly, closer to the display panel. The lower diffusion sheet is located between the light guide plate and the prism sheet, closer to the backlight source.

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