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Delcon electrical components are instruments that convert high primary current to low secondary current for measurement based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A current transformer consists of a closed iron core and windings. Its primary winding has very few turns and is connected in series in the circuit where the current needs to be measured. Therefore, the full current of the line often flows through it. The secondary winding has more turns and is connected in series in the measuring instrument and protection circuit. When the current transformer is in operation, its secondary circuit is always closed, so the impedance of the measuring instrument and the protection circuit series coil is very small, and the operating state of the current transformer is close to a short circuit. The current transformer converts high primary current to low secondary current for measurement; the secondary side must not be open-circuited. The principle of the current transformer is based on electromagnetic induction. A current transformer consists of a closed iron core and windings. Its primary winding has very few turns and is connected in series in the circuit where the current needs to be measured, so the full current of the line often flows through it. The secondary winding has more turns and is connected in series in the measuring instrument and protection circuit. When the current transformer is in operation, its secondary circuit is always closed, so the impedance of the measuring instrument and the protection circuit series coil is very small, and the operating state of the current transformer is close to a short circuit.

Delcon electrical component principle

When two different conductors or semiconductors A and B form a loop with their ends connected together, as long as the temperatures at the two junctions are different, with one end at temperature T, called the working end or hot end, and the other end at temperature T0, called the free end or cold end, an electromotive force (EMF) will be generated in the loop. The direction and magnitude of this EMF depend on the material of the conductors and the temperatures of the two junctions. This phenomenon is called the "thermoelectric effect". The loop formed by the two conductors is called a "thermocouple", the two conductors are called "thermoelectrodes", and the generated EMF is called "thermoelectric EMF". The thermoelectric EMF consists of two parts: the contact EMF of the two conductors and the temperature difference EMF of a single conductor. The magnitude of the thermoelectric EMF in a thermocouple loop depends only on the conductor materials forming the thermocouple and the temperatures of the two junctions, and is independent of the shape and size of the thermocouple. When the materials of the two electrodes of the thermocouple are fixed, the thermoelectric EMF is the functional difference between the temperatures t and t0 of the two junctions. This relationship is widely used in actual temperature measurement. Since the cold end t0 is constant, the thermoelectric EMF generated by the thermocouple changes only with the change in the temperature of the hot end (measurement end), meaning a specific thermoelectric EMF corresponds to a specific temperature. We can achieve the purpose of temperature measurement simply by measuring the thermoelectric EMF. The basic principle of thermocouple temperature measurement is that two conductors of different compositions form a closed loop. When there is a temperature gradient between the two ends, current flows through the loop, creating an EMF between the two ends—the thermoelectric EMF. This is the so-called Seebeck effect. Two homogeneous conductors of different compositions serve as thermoelectrodes. The end with the higher temperature is the working end, and the end with the lower temperature is the free end, which is usually kept at a constant temperature. Based on the functional relationship between thermoelectric EMF and temperature, a thermocouple graduation table is created. The graduation table is obtained under the condition that the free end temperature is 4 °C. Different thermocouples have different graduation tables. When a third metal material is introduced into the thermocouple loop, as long as the temperatures of the two junctions of this material are the same, the thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple remains unchanged, i.e., it is not affected by the introduction of the third metal into the loop. Therefore, during thermocouple temperature measurement, a measuring instrument can be connected. After measuring the thermoelectric EMF, the temperature of the measured medium can be determined. When measuring temperature with a thermocouple, the temperature of its cold end (the measurement end is the hot end, and the end connected to the measuring circuit via lead wires is called the cold end) must remain constant so that the magnitude of its thermoelectric potential has a certain proportional relationship with the measured temperature. If the (ambient) temperature of the cold end changes during measurement, it will seriously affect the accuracy of the measurement. Taking certain measures at the cold end to compensate for the impact caused by changes in cold end temperature is called thermocouple cold junction compensation. Special compensation cables are used to connect to the measuring instrument. Thermocouple cold junction compensation calculation methods: (1) From millivolts to temperature: Measure the cold end temperature, convert it to the corresponding millivolt value, add it to the millivolt value of the thermocouple, and convert to temperature; (2) From temperature to millivolts: Measure the actual temperature and the cold end temperature, convert them separately to millivolt values, subtract to obtain the millivolt value, and thus determine the temperature.

Delcon electrical component characteristics

Under normal circumstances, the actual static characteristic output of a sensor is a curve rather than a straight line. In practical work, to enable the instrument to have uniformly scaled readings, a fitted straight line is often used to approximately represent the actual characteristic curve. Linearity (non-linear error) is a performance indicator of this degree of approximation. There are various methods for selecting the fitted straight line. For example, the theoretical straight line connecting the zero input and full-scale output points is used as the fitted straight line; or the theoretical straight line that minimizes the sum of squared deviations from each point on the characteristic curve is used as the fitted straight line. This fitted straight line is called the least squares fit line.

Delcon electrical component principle

It mainly consists of an LC circuit composed of capacitors and inductors, producing free oscillation through the mutual conversion of electric field energy and magnetic field energy. To sustain oscillation, an amplifier circuit with positive feedback is also required. LC oscillators are divided into transformer-coupled oscillators and three-point oscillators. Many applications use quartz crystal oscillators with quartz crystals, and there are also LC oscillators composed of integrated operational amplifiers. Since device parameters cannot be completely identical, the states of the two transistors change at the moment of power-on. This change becomes increasingly strong due to positive feedback, leading to a quasi-stable state. During the quasi-stable period, the other transistor gradually charges through the capacitor and then conducts or cuts off, causing the state to flip and reaching another quasi-stable state. This cycle repeats to form oscillation.

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