DRAKA electrical components Germany DRAKA model DRAKA price

DRAKA electrical components are electrical control devices. When the change in the input quantity (excitation) meets specified requirements, they cause a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity in the electrical output circuit. They establish an interaction between the control system (also known as the input circuit) and the controlled system (also known as the output circuit). Typically applied in automated control circuits, they function as "automatic switches" that use small currents to control large currents. Therefore, they perform roles such as automatic regulation, safety protection, and circuit switching in circuits. A relay is an electrical control device that, upon receiving a specified input quantity for a sufficient duration, causes a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity in the electrical output circuit. When the input quantity drops to a certain level and remains there for a sufficient duration, it returns to its initial state.

DRAKA electrical component characteristics

The most important characteristic of a diode is its unidirectional conductivity. In a circuit, current can only flow into the diode from the anode and out from the cathode. 1. Forward characteristics: In electronic circuits, when the anode of a diode is connected to a high potential terminal and the cathode to a low potential terminal, the diode conducts. This connection method is called forward bias. It must be noted that when the forward voltage applied across the diode is very small, the diode still does not conduct, and the forward current flowing through it is extremely weak. Only when the forward voltage reaches a certain value can the diode truly conduct. After conduction, the voltage across the diode remains basically constant, known as the diode's "forward voltage drop." 4. Reverse characteristics: In electronic circuits, when the anode of a diode is connected to a low potential terminal and the cathode to a high potential terminal, almost no current flows through the diode, placing it in a cutoff state. This connection method is called reverse bias. When a diode is reverse-biased, a weak reverse current, known as leakage current, still flows through it. When the reverse voltage across the diode increases to a certain value, the reverse current increases sharply, causing the diode to lose its unidirectional conductivity. This state is known as diode breakdown. The injection current of a laser diode must exceed the critical current density to satisfy the population inversion condition and emit laser light. The critical current density is related to the junction temperature and indirectly affects efficiency. During high-temperature operation, the critical current increases, efficiency decreases, and components may even be damaged.

DRAKA electrical component principles

When two conductors of different compositions (called thermocouple wires or thermoelectrodes) are joined at both ends to form a loop, an electromotive force is generated in the loop when the temperatures at the two junctions differ. This phenomenon is called the thermoelectric effect, and this electromotive force is called thermoelectric potential. Thermocouples utilize this principle for temperature measurement. The end directly used to measure the medium temperature is called the working end (also known as the measuring end), and the other end is called the cold end (also known as the compensation end). The cold end is connected to a display instrument or matching instrument, which indicates the thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple. A thermocouple is essentially an energy converter that transforms thermal energy into electrical energy, using the generated thermoelectric potential to measure temperature. Regarding the thermoelectric potential of thermocouples, note the following issues: 1, the thermoelectric potential of a thermocouple is the difference between the temperature functions at the two ends of the thermocouple's working end, not a function of the temperature difference between the cold end and the working end; 2, the magnitude of the thermoelectric potential generated by a thermocouple, when the thermocouple material is uniform, is independent of the length and diameter of the thermocouple and depends only on the composition of the thermocouple material and the temperature difference between the two ends; 3, once the material composition of the two thermocouple wires is determined, the magnitude of the thermoelectric potential depends only on the temperature difference of the thermocouple; if the temperature of the cold end is kept constant, the thermoelectric potential of the thermocouple is then a single-valued function of the working end temperature. Join two conductors or semiconductors of different materials, A and B, by welding them to form a closed loop, as shown in the figure. When there is a temperature difference between the two junction points 1 and 9 of conductors A and B, an electromotive force is generated between them, thereby forming a current of a certain magnitude in the loop. Thermocouples operate based on this effect.

DRAKA electrical component parameters

(1) Nominal capacitance is the capacitance marked on the capacitor. However, there is a deviation between the actual capacitance and the nominal capacitance. The accuracy class corresponds to the permissible error. General capacitors commonly use classes I, II, and III, while electrolytic capacitors use classes IV, V, and VI to indicate capacitance accuracy, selected according to application. The capacitance value of an electrolytic capacitor depends on the impedance presented during operation under AC voltage. The capacitance value changes with variations in operating frequency, temperature, voltage, and measurement methods. The unit of capacitance is F (Farad). Since a capacitor is a "container" for storing electric charge, the issue of "capacity" size arises. To measure a capacitor's ability to store charge, the physical quantity of capacitance is defined. A capacitor can only store charge under the influence of an applied voltage. Different capacitors may store different amounts of charge under voltage. Internationally, it is uniformly stipulated that when a DC voltage of 1 volts is applied to a capacitor, the amount of charge it can store is defined as the capacitance of that capacitor (i.e., the charge per unit voltage), represented by the letter C. The basic unit of capacitance is the Farad (F). (2) Rated voltage is the maximum DC voltage that can be continuously applied to the capacitor at the minimum and rated ambient temperatures. If the operating voltage exceeds the capacitor's voltage resistance, the capacitor will break down, causing damage. In practice, as temperature rises, the voltage resistance value decreases. (3) Insulation resistance. When DC voltage is applied to a capacitor, leakage current is generated. The ratio between the two is called insulation resistance. When the capacitance is small, its value mainly depends on the surface state of the capacitor. Generally, the higher the insulation resistance, the better. (4) Loss. The energy consumed by heat generation per unit time in a capacitor under the action of an electric field is called loss. Loss is related to frequency range, dielectric material, conductivity, and the resistance of the metal parts of the capacitor. (15) Frequency characteristics. As frequency increases, the capacitance of general capacitors tends to decrease. When a capacitor operates below its resonant frequency, it exhibits capacitive behavior; when it exceeds its resonant frequency, it exhibits inductive behavior, meaning it acts as an inductor rather than a capacitor. Therefore, it is essential to avoid operating capacitors above their resonant frequency.

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