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draka comteq electrical components are detection devices that can sense measured information and convert the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of output according to specific rules, to meet requirements for information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, and control. The existence and development of sensors give objects senses such as touch, taste, and smell, bringing them to life; sensors are an extension of human senses. Sensors feature miniaturization, digitization, intelligence, multifunctionality, systematization, and networking. They are the primary link in achieving automatic detection and automatic control. A device or apparatus that can sense a specified measured quantity and convert it into a usable signal according to a certain rule (mathematical function law), typically composed of a sensitive element and a conversion element.

draka comteq electrical component parameters

1. Stable voltage refers to the stable voltage value generated across the terminals of a Zener diode when it passes the rated current. This value changes slightly with different operating currents and temperatures. Due to differences in manufacturing processes, the stabilization voltage of Zener diodes of the same model is not completely consistent. 2. Reverse leakage current refers to the current value passing through the Zener diode when it generates a stable voltage. Below this value, although the Zener diode can still stabilize voltage, the stabilization effect will deteriorate; above this value, as long as the rated power dissipation is not exceeded, it is permissible, and the stabilization performance will be better, but it will consume more electrical energy. 3. Dynamic resistance refers to the ratio of the change in voltage across the Zener diode to the change in current. This ratio changes with different operating currents; generally, the larger the operating current, the smaller the dynamic resistance. 4. Rated power dissipation is determined by the allowable temperature rise of the chip, and its value is the product of the stable voltage and the maximum allowable current. 5. Temperature coefficient: If the temperature of the Zener diode changes, its stable voltage will also undergo slight changes. The relative change in voltage across the tube caused by a temperature change of 1℃ is the temperature coefficient (unit: %/℃). Generally speaking, stabilization voltages below 6V belong to Zener breakdown, and the temperature coefficient is negative; the temperature coefficient is positive. When the temperature rises, the depletion layer decreases. In the depletion layer, the valence electrons of atoms rise to higher energy levels, and a smaller electric field strength can excite valence electrons from atoms to produce Zener breakdown, so its temperature coefficient is negative. Avalanche breakdown occurs when the depletion layer is wider and the electric field strength is lower. An increase in temperature increases the vibration amplitude of lattice atoms, hindering the movement of carriers. In this case, only by increasing the reverse voltage can avalanche breakdown occur, so the voltage temperature coefficient of avalanche breakdown is positive. For applications with high requirements for power supplies, two Zener diodes with opposite temperature coefficients can be connected in series for compensation. Due to mutual compensation, the temperature coefficient is greatly reduced. 17. Reverse leakage current refers to the leakage current generated by the Zener diode under the specified reverse voltage.

draka comteq electrical component principles

A circuit breaker generally consists of a contact system, an arc-extinguishing system, an operating mechanism, a trip unit, and a housing. During a short circuit, the magnetic field generated by the high current overcomes the counter-force spring, causing the trip unit to actuate the operating mechanism and instantly trip the switch. During an overload, the current increases, intensifying heat generation; the bimetallic strip deforms to a certain extent to push the mechanism into action (the higher the current, the shorter the operating time). Electronic types use current transformers to collect the current magnitude of each phase and compare it with the set value. When the current is abnormal, the microprocessor sends a signal to cause the electronic trip unit to drive the operating mechanism. The function of a circuit breaker is to connect and disconnect load circuits, as well as to interrupt fault circuits, preventing accident escalation and ensuring safe operation. Arc extinction is a critical issue that must be addressed in high-voltage circuit breakers. The principle of arc blowing and extinction primarily involves cooling the arc to reduce thermal ionization. On the other hand, arc blowing elongates the arc to enhance the recombination and diffusion of charged particles, while simultaneously dispersing charged particles from the arc gap, rapidly restoring the dielectric insulation strength. Low-voltage circuit breakers, also known as automatic air switches, can be used to connect and disconnect load circuits and to control motors that start infrequently. Their functionality is equivalent to the sum of part or all of the functions of electrical components such as knife switches, overcurrent relays, undervoltage relays, thermal relays, and residual current protective devices. They are important protective electrical appliances in low-voltage distribution networks. Low-voltage circuit breakers are widely used due to advantages such as multiple protection functions (overload, short-circuit, undervoltage protection, etc.), adjustable operating values, high breaking capacity, ease of operation, and safety. Structure and working principle: A low-voltage circuit breaker consists of an operating mechanism, contacts, protective devices (various trip units), and an arc-extinguishing system. The main contacts of a low-voltage circuit breaker are closed manually or via electric closing. After the main contacts close, the free-trip mechanism locks them in the closed position. The coil of the overcurrent trip unit and the heating element of the thermal trip unit are connected in series with the main circuit, while the coil of the undervoltage trip unit is connected in parallel with the power supply. When a short circuit or severe overload occurs in the circuit, the armature of the overcurrent trip unit pulls in, causing the free-trip mechanism to operate and the main contacts to open the main circuit. When the circuit is overloaded, the heating element of the thermal trip unit generates heat, causing the bimetallic strip to bend and push the free-trip mechanism into action. When the circuit voltage is too low, the armature of the undervoltage trip unit releases, also causing the free-trip mechanism to operate. The shunt trip unit is used for remote control; during normal operation, its coil is de-energized. When remote control is required, pressing the start button energizes the coil.

draka comteq electrical component structure

The main purpose of fiber optic connectors is to achieve fiber splicing. Fiber optic connectors, which have been widely used in fiber optic communication systems, come in many types and various structures. However, upon closer examination, the basic structure of various types of fiber optic connectors is consistent, that is, the vast majority of fiber optic connectors generally use high-precision components (composed of two ferrules and one coupling sleeve, totaling three parts) to achieve aligned connection of fibers. This method involves inserting and fixing the fiber into the ferrule, polishing the surface of the ferrule, and achieving alignment in the coupling sleeve. The outer component of the ferrule is made of metal or non-metal materials. The mating end of the ferrule must be ground, and the other end usually uses a strain relief member to support the fiber or fiber optic cable to release stress. The coupling sleeve is generally made of two halves synthesized from ceramic or bronze materials, forming a tight cylindrical component, often equipped with metal or plastic flanges to facilitate the installation and fixation of the connector. To align the fibers as precisely as possible, the machining precision requirements for the ferrules and coupling sleeves are very high.

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