EFAPEL electrical components Germany EFAPEL model EFAPEL price

EFAPEL electrical components are a common light-emitting device that emits light by releasing energy through the recombination of electrons and holes, and is widely used in the lighting field. Light-emitting diodes can efficiently convert electrical energy into light energy and have a wide range of uses in modern society, such as lighting, flat panel displays, and medical devices. This electronic component appeared as early as 1962, initially only emitting low-intensity red light. Later, versions emitting other monochromatic lights were developed, with emitted light covering the visible spectrum, infrared, and ultraviolet, and brightness increased to considerable levels. Its applications also evolved from initially serving as indicator lights and display panels; light-emitting diodes are abbreviated as LED. They are made from compounds containing gallium, arsenic, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc. When electrons and holes recombine, they emit visible light, making them suitable for manufacturing light-emitting diodes. They serve as indicator lights in circuits and instruments, or form text or numeric displays. Gallium arsenide diodes emit red light, gallium phosphide diodes emit green light, silicon carbide diodes emit yellow light, and gallium nitride diodes emit blue light. Based on chemical properties, they are divided into organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) and inorganic light-emitting diodes (LED). LED was initially used for indicative lighting in instruments and meters, later expanding to traffic signals, landscape lighting, automotive lighting, and mobile phone keypads and backlights. Later, new technology for micro-LEDs (micro-LED) was developed, significantly reducing the size of traditional light-emitting diodes. Arrays of independently emitting red, blue, and green micro-LEDs form display arrays for display technology applications. Micro-LEDs feature self-emissive display characteristics, offering higher efficiency, longer lifespan, and greater stability with less susceptibility to environmental influences compared to self-emissive organic light-emitting diodes.

EFAPEL electrical component parameters

The main parameters of a transistor include the current amplification factor, power dissipation, frequency characteristics, maximum collector current, maximum reverse voltage, and reverse current. Amplification factor: The DC current amplification factor, also known as the static current amplification factor or DC amplification ratio, refers to the ratio of the transistor's collector current to its base current when there is no changing signal input under static conditions. AC amplification factor: The AC amplification factor, also known as the AC current amplification factor or dynamic current amplification factor, refers to the ratio of the change in the transistor's collector current to the change in its base current under AC conditions. Power dissipation: Power dissipation, also referred to as the maximum allowable collector power dissipation PCM, is the maximum collector power dissipation when the transistor's parameter variations do not exceed specified allowable limits. Power dissipation is closely related to the transistor's maximum allowable junction temperature and maximum collector current. During operation, the actual power consumption of the transistor must not exceed the PCM value; otherwise, the transistor may be damaged due to overload. When the operating frequency of the transistor exceeds the cutoff frequency, its current amplification factor decreases as the frequency increases. The maximum oscillation frequency is the frequency at which the transistor's power gain drops to 9. Typically, the maximum oscillation frequency of a high-frequency transistor is lower than the common-base cutoff frequency, while the characteristic frequency is higher than the common-base cutoff frequency but lower than the common-collector cutoff frequency. Maximum current: The maximum collector current refers to the highest current allowed to pass through the transistor's collector. Maximum reverse voltage: The maximum reverse voltage refers to the highest working voltage that can be applied to the transistor during operation. It includes the collector-emitter reverse breakdown voltage, collector-base reverse breakdown voltage, and emitter-base reverse breakdown voltage. The collector reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the collector and emitter when the transistor's base is open. The base reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the collector and base when the transistor's emitter is open. The emitter reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the emitter and base when the transistor's collector is open. The reverse current between the base terminals, also known as the collector junction reverse leakage current, refers to the reverse current between the collector and base when the transistor's emitter is open. The reverse breakdown current between the emitter terminals refers to the reverse leakage current between the collector and emitter when the transistor's base is open, also known as the penetration current. A smaller value of this current indicates better transistor performance.

EFAPEL electrical component composition

Internal accessories of circuit breakers: Auxiliary contacts are contacts mechanically linked to the opening and closing mechanism of the circuit breaker's main circuit. They are primarily used to indicate the open/closed status of the circuit breaker. Connected to the control circuit of the circuit breaker, they implement control or interlocking functions for related electrical devices through the opening and closing actions of the circuit breaker. Alarm contacts are used for accident alarms in circuit breakers. These contacts operate only after the circuit breaker trips and opens. They are mainly used when the circuit breaker freely trips due to faults such as overload, short circuit, or undervoltage in the load. The alarm contact switches from its normally open position to a closed position, connecting indicator lights, electric bells, buzzers, etc., in the auxiliary circuit to display or alert the fault trip status of the circuit breaker. Since the probability of free tripping due to load faults is relatively low. Shunt release: A shunt release is a release mechanism excited by a voltage source, independent of the main circuit voltage. It is an accessory for remote opening operation. When the supply voltage is any value between 70% and 110% of the rated control power supply voltage, the circuit breaker can reliably open. The shunt release operates on a short-time duty cycle; the coil energization time generally should not exceed 6S, otherwise the coil will burn out. To prevent coil burnout in molded case circuit breakers, a microswitch is connected in series with the shunt release coil. When the shunt release engages via the armature, the microswitch changes from a normally closed state to a normally open state. Since the control circuit for the shunt release power is interrupted, even if the button is manually held down, the shunt coil will not remain energized, thus avoiding coil damage. After the circuit breaker is reset and closed, the microswitch returns to its normally closed position. Undervoltage release: An undervoltage release is a mechanism that causes the circuit breaker to open with or without delay when its terminal voltage drops to a specified range. Under thermal conditions, it must ensure reliable closing of the circuit breaker. Therefore, when a certain voltage drop occurs in the protected circuit's power supply, it automatically opens the circuit breaker to cut off power, protecting downstream load appliances or electrical equipment from undervoltage damage. During use, the undervoltage release coil is connected to the power side of the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker can only close after the undervoltage release is energized.

EFAPEL electrical component classification

Standard power supplies can be subdivided into: switching power supplies, inverter power supplies, AC stabilized power supplies, DC stabilized power supplies, DC/DC power supplies, communication power supplies, module power supplies, variable frequency power supplies, UPS power supplies, EPS emergency power supplies, purified power supplies, PC power supplies, rectifier power supplies, custom power supplies, heating power supplies, welding/arc power supplies, electroplating power supplies, network power supplies, power operation power supplies, adapter power supplies, linear power supplies, power controllers/drivers, power power supplies, other standard power supplies, parameter power supplies, voltage-regulating power supplies, transformer power supplies. Special power supplies can be subdivided into: shore power supplies, security power supplies, high-voltage power supplies, medical power supplies, military power supplies, aerospace power supplies, laser power supplies, other special power supplies.

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