EMCOS electrical components German EMCOS models EMCOS prices

EMCOS electrical components is a general term for all single components based on semiconductor materials, including diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, and thyristors (the latter three are all three-terminal devices) made from various semiconductor materials. A transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used as an amplifier or an electronically controlled switch. Transistors are the basic building blocks for the standard operation of computers, mobile phones, and all other modern electronic circuits. Due to their fast response speed and high accuracy, transistors can be used for a wide variety of digital and analog functions, including amplification, switching, voltage regulation, signal modulation, and oscillation. Transistors can be packaged individually or as part of an integrated circuit in a very small area that can accommodate one hundred million or more transistors.

EMCOS electrical component principles

Like ordinary diodes, light-emitting diodes consist of a PN junction and also exhibit unidirectional conductivity. When a forward voltage is applied to a light-emitting diode, holes injected from the P region into the N region and electrons injected from the N region into the P region recombine with electrons in the N region and holes in the P region, respectively, within a few micrometers near the PN junction, producing spontaneous radiative fluorescence. The energy states of electrons and holes differ in different semiconductor materials. The amount of energy released when electrons and holes recombine varies; the more energy released, the shorter the wavelength of the emitted light. Commonly used diodes emit red, green, or yellow light. The reverse breakdown voltage of a light-emitting diode is greater than 9 volts. Its forward volt-ampere characteristic curve is very steep, so a current-limiting resistor must be connected in series during use to control the current through the diode. The core part of a light-emitting diode is a chip composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor, with a transition layer between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor called the PN junction. In the PN junction of certain semiconductor materials, when injected minority carriers recombine with majority carriers, excess energy is released in the form of light, thereby directly converting electrical energy into light energy. When a reverse voltage is applied to the PN junction, minority carriers are difficult to inject, so no light is emitted. When it is in the forward operating state (i.e., a forward voltage is applied across both ends), and current flows from the LED anode to the cathode, the semiconductor crystal emits light of different colors from ultraviolet to infrared, and the intensity of the light is related to the current.

EMCOS electrical component functions

Low-power resistors are typically composed of carbon film encapsulated in a plastic housing, while high-power resistors are typically wirewound resistors, made by winding metal wire with high resistivity around a ceramic core. If a resistor's resistance value is close to zero ohms (for example, a large-cross-section wire between two points), the resistor offers no obstruction to current, the circuit parallel to such a resistor is short-circuited, and the current is infinitely large. If a resistor has infinite or very high resistance, the circuit series-connected with this resistor can be regarded as an open circuit, and the current is zero. Resistors commonly used in industry fall between these two extremes; they have a certain resistance and can pass a certain amount of current, but the current is not as large as in a short circuit. The current-limiting effect of a resistor is similar to the effect of a small-diameter pipe connected between two large-diameter pipes restricting water flow. Resistance, usually abbreviated as R, is a fundamental property of a conductor, related to the conductor's size, material, and temperature. Ohm's law states that I = U/R, so R = U/I. The basic unit of resistance is the ohm, represented by the Greek letter "Ω". It is defined as the resistance corresponding to a current of one ampere generated when one volt is applied across a conductor. The main function of a resistor is to obstruct the flow of current. In fact, "resistance" refers to a property, while "resistor" in electronic products usually refers to the component itself. Ohm is often abbreviated as Oh. Common units for expressing resistance values also include kiloohm (kΩ), megaohm (MΩ), and milliohm (m Ω).

EMCOS electrical component principles

Like ordinary diodes, light-emitting diodes consist of a PN junction and also exhibit unidirectional conductivity. When a forward voltage is applied to a light-emitting diode, holes injected from the P region into the N region and electrons injected from the N region into the P region recombine with electrons in the N region and holes in the P region, respectively, within a few micrometers near the PN junction, producing spontaneous radiative fluorescence. The energy states of electrons and holes differ in different semiconductor materials. The amount of energy released when electrons and holes recombine varies; the more energy released, the shorter the wavelength of the emitted light. Commonly used diodes emit red, green, or yellow light. The reverse breakdown voltage of a light-emitting diode is greater than 10 volts. Its forward volt-ampere characteristic curve is very steep, so a current-limiting resistor must be connected in series during use to control the current through the diode. The core part of a light-emitting diode is a chip composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor, with a transition layer between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor called the PN junction. In the PN junction of certain semiconductor materials, when injected minority carriers recombine with majority carriers, excess energy is released in the form of light, thereby directly converting electrical energy into light energy. When a reverse voltage is applied to the PN junction, minority carriers are difficult to inject, so no light is emitted. When it is in the forward operating state (i.e., a forward voltage is applied across both ends), and current flows from the LED anode to the cathode, the semiconductor crystal emits light of different colors from ultraviolet to infrared, and the intensity of the light is related to the current.

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