EPLAX GmbH electrical components Germany EPLAX GmbH model EPLAX GmbH price

EPLAX GmbH electrical components are electronic devices with three terminals, made of three semiconductor parts with different doping levels. The charge flow in the transistor is mainly due to the diffusion and drift motion of carriers at the PN junction. The operation of this transistor involves the flow of both electrons and holes, so it is called bipolar, also known as a bipolar junction transistor. This mode of operation differs from unipolar transistors such as field-effect transistors, whose operation involves only the drift of a single type of carrier. The boundary between two regions with different dopants is formed by the PN junction. Bipolar transistors can amplify signals and have good power control, high-speed operation, and durability, so they are often used to form amplifier circuits or drive devices such as speakers and motors, and are widely used in aerospace engineering, medical devices, robotics, and other applications.

EPLAX GmbH electrical component classification

Classification by operating principle or structural characteristics of relays: (1) Electromagnetic relay: An electrical relay that operates using the attractive force generated by the current in the input circuit between the electromagnet core and the armature. (2) Solid-state relay: A relay where electronic components perform its functions without mechanical moving parts, providing input and output isolation. (3) Temperature relay: A relay that activates when the ambient temperature reaches a set value. (4) Reed relay: A relay that opens, closes, or switches circuits using the action of reeds sealed in a tube, which serve both as contact springs and part of the magnetic circuit with the armature. (5) Time relay: A relay whose output section delays or limits to a specified time before closing or opening the controlled circuit when an input signal is applied or removed. (6) High-frequency relay: A relay used for switching high-frequency and RF lines with minimal loss. (7) Polarized relay: A relay that operates through the combined effect of a polarizing magnetic field and the magnetic field generated by the control current passing through the control coil. The direction of relay operation depends on the direction of the current flowing through the control coil. (8) Other types of relays: Such as optical relays, acoustic relays, thermal relays, instrument relays, Hall effect relays, differential relays, etc.

EPLAX GmbH electrical component principles

When current flows through a conductor, the conductor heats up due to its inherent resistance. The heat generation follows this formula: Q=I2RT; where Q is the heat generated, 0.25 is a constant, I is the current flowing through the conductor, R is the resistance of the conductor, and T is the time the current flows through the conductor; from this formula, we can easily understand the simple working principle of a fuse. Once the material and shape of the fuse are determined, its resistance R is relatively fixed (ignoring its temperature coefficient of resistance). When current flows through it, it generates heat, and the heat increases over time. The magnitude of current and resistance determines the rate of heat generation, while the construction of the fuse and its installation conditions determine the rate of heat dissipation. If the rate of heat generation is less than the rate of heat dissipation, the fuse will not blow. If the rate of heat generation equals the rate of heat dissipation, it will not blow for a considerable period. If the rate of heat generation exceeds the rate of heat dissipation, heat accumulates. Due to its specific heat capacity and mass, this heat accumulation manifests as a rise in temperature. When the temperature rises above the melting point of the fuse, the fuse blows. This is the working principle of a fuse. From this principle, you should know that when designing and manufacturing fuses, you must carefully study the physical properties of your selected materials and ensure consistent geometric dimensions, as these factors play a crucial role in the proper functioning of the fuse. Similarly, when using it, you must install it correctly.

EPLAX GmbH electrical component structure

1. Liquid crystal panel: The liquid crystal panel includes a polarizing film, glass substrates, black matrix, color filters, protective film, common electrodes, alignment layer, liquid crystal layer (liquid crystal, spacers, sealant), capacitors, display electrodes, prism layer, and diffuser layer. The polarizing film is also known as a polarizer; polarizers are divided into upper and lower polarizers. The polarization functions of the upper and lower polarizers are perpendicular to each other. Their function is like a fence, blocking light wave components as required; for example, they block light wave components perpendicular to the polarizer fence and only allow light wave components parallel to the fence to pass through. 2. Glass substrate: In liquid crystal displays, glass substrates can be divided into upper and lower substrates. Their main function is to hold the liquid crystal material in the space between the two substrates. The material for glass substrates is generally alkali-free borosilicate glass with excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance. For TFT-LCD, one glass substrate is distributed with TFT, while the other glass substrate is deposited with color filters. 3. Black matrix: The black matrix uses highly light-shielding materials to separate the red, green, and blue primary colors in the color filters (to prevent color mixing) and to prevent light leakage, thereby helping to improve the contrast of each color block. Additionally, in TFT-LCD, the black matrix can conceal internal electrode wiring or thin-film transistors. Color filters, also known as color filter films, function to produce 3 primary colors of light (red, green, and blue), enabling full-color display on the liquid crystal display. 4. Alignment film: The alignment film, also known as an orientation film or alignment layer, functions to ensure that liquid crystal molecules are uniformly arranged and oriented at the microscopic level. 5. Transparent electrodes: Transparent electrodes are divided into common electrodes and pixel electrodes. The input signal voltage is applied between the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes. Transparent electrodes are typically formed by depositing indium tin oxide (ITO) material on the glass substrate to create a transparent conductive layer. 6. Liquid crystal material: In LCD, the liquid crystal material acts like a light valve, controlling the brightness of transmitted light to achieve information display. 7. Driver IC: The driver IC is essentially a set of integrated circuit chip devices used to adjust and control the phase, peak value, frequency, and other parameters of the potential signals on the transparent electrodes, establishing a driving electric field to ultimately realize information display on the liquid crystal. In liquid crystal panels, active-matrix liquid crystal displays are constructed by sealing twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal material between two glass substrates. The upper glass substrate (closer to the display screen) is deposited with red, green, and blue (RGB) color filters (also known as color filter films), a black matrix, and common transparent electrodes. The lower glass substrate (the substrate farther from the display screen) is equipped with thin-film transistor (TFT) devices, transparent pixel electrodes, storage capacitors, gate lines, signal lines, etc. Alignment films (or alignment layers) are prepared on the inner sides of the two glass substrates to orient the liquid crystal molecules. Liquid crystal material is injected between the two glass substrates, and spacers are distributed to ensure uniform gap thickness. The periphery is bonded with frame sealant for sealing purposes, and the common electrodes of the upper and lower glass substrates are connected using silver dot paste technology. Polarizers (or polarizing films) are attached to the outer sides of the upper and lower glass substrates, respectively. When a voltage is applied between the pixel transparent electrodes and the common transparent electrodes, the arrangement state of the liquid crystal molecules changes. Consequently, the intensity of incident light passing through the liquid crystal also changes. Liquid crystal displays utilize the optical rotation property of the liquid crystal material combined with electric field control to achieve information display. 8. Backlight module: LCD products are non-emissive electronic devices that do not possess inherent light-emitting characteristics. They must rely on light emission from the source in the backlight module to achieve display performance; therefore, the brightness of LCD is determined by its backlight module. Thus, the performance of the backlight module directly affects the display quality of the liquid crystal panel. The backlight module includes illumination sources, reflectors, light guide plates, diffuser sheets, brightness enhancement films (prism sheets), and frames. Backlight modules used in LCD can be mainly categorized into edge-lit backlight modules and direct-lit backlight modules. Mobile phones, laptops, and monitors (15 inches) primarily use edge-lit backlight modules, while LCD TVs mostly use direct-lit backlight module light sources. Cold cathode fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diodes are the main backlight sources for LCD. 9. Reflector: The reflector, also known as a reflection cover, mainly functions to direct all light emitted by the source into the light guide plate, minimizing unnecessary loss as much as possible. 1. Light guide plate: The main function of the light guide plate is to guide light from the side-mounted source toward the front of the panel. 11. Prism sheet: The prism sheet, also known as a brightness enhancement film, mainly functions to concentrate scattered light through refraction and total internal reflection within the film layer, emitting it from the backlight source at specific angles to achieve a screen brightening effect.18. Diffuser sheet: The main function of the diffuser sheet is to correct the edge-lit light from the backlight module into a uniform surface light source to achieve optical diffusion. Diffuser sheets are divided into upper and lower diffuser sheets. The upper diffuser sheet is located between the prism sheet and the LCD assembly, closer to the display panel. The lower diffuser sheet is located between the light guide plate and the prism sheet, closer to the light source.

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