EXPERT Transfo electrical components Germany EXPERT Transfo model EXPERT Transfo price

EXPERT Transfo electrical components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, thyristors, transformers, relays, sensors...; electronic devices include analog circuits (operational amplifiers, comparators, signal conditioners), logic circuits (flip-flops, counters, decoders, registers, transceivers, NOT gates, AND gates, OR gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates), microcontrollers, memory, digital potentiometers, signal conversion circuits (A/D converters, D/A converters, voltage/frequency converters), communication circuits (various interface circuits), monitoring and reset circuits (power supply monitoring, program monitoring)..., too numerous to mention.

EXPERT Transfo electrical component structure

Unidirectional thyristors, commonly known as conventional thyristors, are used. They consist of four layers of semiconductor material and have three PN junctions, with three external electrodes: the electrode drawn from the first layer of P-type semiconductor is called the anode A, the electrode drawn from the third layer of P-type semiconductor is called the gate G, and the electrode drawn from the fourth layer of N-type semiconductor is called the cathode K. As can be seen from the circuit symbol of the thyristor, it is a unidirectional conductive device like a diode, but with an additional gate G, which gives it completely different operating characteristics compared to a diode. The P1N1P2N2 four-layer, three-terminal device, based on silicon monocrystal, is internationally known as the silicon crystal thyristor, abbreviated as thyristor T, because its characteristics are similar to those of vacuum thyratrons. Since thyristors were initially used in static rectification, they are also referred to as silicon controlled rectifiers, abbreviated as SCR SCR. In terms of performance, SCRs not only have unidirectional conductivity but also possess more valuable controllability than silicon rectifier elements (commonly known as "dead silicon"). They have only two states: conduction and cutoff. SCRs can control high-power electromechanical equipment with milliamp-level currents. If this power is exceeded, due to a significant increase in switching losses, the allowable average current decreases, and the nominal current should be derated. SCRs have many advantages, such as controlling high power with low power, with power amplification factors reaching hundreds of thousands; extremely fast response, turning on and off within microseconds; contactless operation, no sparks, no noise; high efficiency, low cost, etc. The weaknesses of SCRs include poor static and dynamic overload capacity and susceptibility to interference causing false triggering. SCRs are mainly classified by their physical form into bolt-type, flat-plate type, and flat-bottom type. Structure of SCR components. Regardless of the physical form of the SCR, their cores consist of a four-layer P1N1P2N2 structure made of P-type silicon and N-type silicon. They have three PN junctions (J1, J2, J3), with the anode A drawn from the P1 layer of the J1 structure, the cathode K drawn from the N2 layer, and the gate G drawn from the P4 layer, making it a four-layer, three-terminal semiconductor device.

EXPERT Transfo electrical component principle

A resistor consists of three parts: the resistive element, the substrate, and the leads (for solid-core resistors, the resistive element and substrate are combined), and only the resistive element determines the resistance value. The volt-ampere characteristic is represented by a graphical curve showing the relationship between voltage and current at the resistor terminals. When voltage and current are proportional (the characteristic is a straight line), it is called a linear resistor; otherwise, it is called a non-linear resistor. The maximum power dissipation allowed for a resistor to operate continuously at the rated temperature (maximum ambient temperature) tR. For each resistor, a maximum working voltage is also specified, meaning that even if the rated power is not reached, the maximum working voltage must not be exceeded when the resistance value is high. The rated power of a resistor refers to the maximum power allowed to be consumed during long-term continuous operation in DC or AC circuits. Load characteristics: When the ambient temperature is below tR, the resistor must not exceed its rated power; when exceeding tR, the load power must be reduced. Each resistor has specified load characteristics. Additionally, the allowable load is correspondingly reduced under low atmospheric pressure. Under pulse load, the average pulse power is much lower than the rated power, and separate regulations generally apply.

EXPERT Transfo electrical component principle

The working principle of a discharge tube is gas gap discharge i. When a certain voltage is applied between the two poles of the discharge tube, an uneven electric field is generated between the poles: under the action of this electric field, the gas inside the tube begins to ionize. When the external voltage increases to the point where the field strength between the poles exceeds the insulation strength of the gas, the gap between the two poles will break down and discharge, transforming from the original insulating state to a conductive state. After conduction, the voltage between the two poles of the discharge tube is maintained at the residual voltage level determined by the discharge arc channel. This residual voltage is generally very low, thereby protecting electronic equipment connected in parallel with the discharge tube from overvoltage damage.

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