EXPERT electrical components Germany EXPERT model EXPERT price

EXPERT electrical components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, thyristors, transformers, relays, sensors...; electronic devices include analog circuits (operational amplifiers, comparators, signal conditioners), logic circuits (flip-flops, counters, decoders, registers, transceivers, NOT gates, AND gates, OR gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates), microcontrollers, memory, digital potentiometers, signal conversion circuits (A/D converters, D/A converters, voltage/frequency converters), communication circuits (various interface circuits), monitoring and reset circuits (power supply monitoring, program monitoring)..., too numerous to mention.

EXPERT electrical component structure

Commonly used are unidirectional thyristors, also known as ordinary thyristors. They are composed of four layers of semiconductor materials and have three PN junctions, with three external electrodes: the electrode drawn from the first layer of P-type semiconductor is called the anode A, the electrode drawn from the third layer of P-type semiconductor is called the gate G, and the electrode drawn from the fourth layer of N-type semiconductor is called the cathode K. As seen from the circuit symbol of the thyristor, it is a unidirectional conductive device like a diode, but with an additional gate G, which gives it operating characteristics completely different from those of a diode. The P1N1P2N2 four-layer three-terminal device, based on silicon single crystal, is internationally known as the silicon controlled rectifier, abbreviated as thyristor T, because its characteristics are similar to those of vacuum thyratrons. Since thyristors were initially used in static rectification, they are also called silicon controlled rectifiers, abbreviated as SCR SCR. In terms of performance, SCRs not only have unidirectional conductivity but also possess controllability more valuable than that of silicon rectifier elements (commonly known as "dead silicon"). They have only two states: conduction and blocking. SCRs can control high-power electromechanical equipment with milliampere-level current. If this power is exceeded, the switching loss of the component increases significantly, and the allowable average current decreases accordingly; in this case, the nominal current should be derated. SCRs have many advantages, such as controlling high power with low power, with power amplification factors reaching hundreds of thousands of times; extremely fast response, turning on and off within microseconds; contactless operation, no sparks, no noise; high efficiency, low cost, etc. Weaknesses of SCRs: poor static and dynamic overload capacity; prone to mis-triggering due to interference. SCRs are mainly classified by appearance into: bolt type, flat plate type, and flat bottom type. Structure of SCR components. Regardless of the shape of the SCR, their cores are composed of four-layer P1N1P2N2 structures made of P-type silicon and N-type silicon. They have three PN junctions (J1, J2, J3), with the anode A drawn from the P1 layer of the J1 structure, the cathode K drawn from the N2 layer, and the gate G drawn from the P4 layer, making it a four-layer three-terminal semiconductor device.

EXPERT electrical component principle

A resistor consists of three parts: the resistive element, the substrate, and the leads (for solid-core resistors, the resistive element and substrate are combined into one), and only the resistive element determines the resistance value. The volt-ampere characteristic is represented by a graphical curve showing the relationship between voltage and current at the resistor terminals. When voltage and current are proportional (the characteristic is a straight line), it is called a linear resistor; otherwise, it is called a nonlinear resistor. The maximum power dissipation allowed for a resistor to operate continuously at the rated temperature (maximum ambient temperature) tR. For each type of resistor, a maximum working voltage is also specified; that is, when the resistance value is high, even if the rated power is not reached, the maximum working voltage must not be exceeded. The rated power of a resistor refers to the maximum power allowed to be consumed during long-term continuous operation in DC or AC circuits. Load characteristics: When the ambient working temperature is lower than tR, the resistor must not exceed its rated power; when it exceeds tR, the load power must be reduced. Each type of resistor has specified load characteristics. In addition, the allowable load is correspondingly reduced under low pressure. Under pulse load, the average pulse power is far lower than the rated power, and separate regulations generally apply.

EXPERT electrical component principle

The working principle of a discharge tube is gas gap discharge i. When a certain voltage is applied between the two poles of the discharge tube, an uneven electric field is generated between the poles: under the action of this electric field, the gas inside the tube begins to ionize. When the external voltage increases to the point where the field strength between the poles exceeds the insulation strength of the gas, the gap between the two poles will break down and discharge, transforming from the original insulating state to a conductive state. After conduction, the voltage between the two poles of the discharge tube is maintained at the residual voltage level determined by the discharge arc channel. This residual voltage is generally very low, thereby protecting electronic equipment connected in parallel with the discharge tube from overvoltage damage.

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