franke electrical components Germany franke models franke prices

franke electrical components are sensors that convert the state of a measured object into measurable optical signals. The working principle of a fiber optic sensor is to guide the light beam from a light source via an optical fiber into a modulator. Inside the modulator, interaction with external measured parameters causes changes in the optical properties of the light, such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, and polarization state, resulting in a modulated optical signal. This signal is then transmitted via optical fiber to a photodetector and demodulator to obtain the measured parameters. Throughout this process, the light beam is introduced via the optical fiber, passes through the modulator, and is then emitted. The role of the optical fiber is first to transmit the light beam, and second to act as an optical modulator.

franke electrical component characteristics

Common types include RC phase-shift bridge trigger circuits, unijunction transistor trigger circuits, bipolar junction transistor trigger circuits, and trigger circuits using small thyristors to trigger large thyristors, among others. The main parameters of thyristors are: 1, rated on-state average current IT: the average value of the 50 Hz sinusoidal half-wave current that can continuously flow between the anode and cathode under specified conditions. 2, forward blocking peak voltage VPF: the repetitive forward peak voltage that can be applied across the thyristor when the gate is open-circuited with no trigger signal applied and the anode forward voltage has not exceeded the turn-on voltage. The forward peak voltage withstand by the thyristor must not exceed this parameter value given in the datasheet. 3, reverse blocking peak voltage VPR: the repetitive reverse peak voltage that can be applied across the thyristor when it is subjected to reverse voltage and is in the reverse blocking state. During use, this parameter value given in the datasheet must not be exceeded. 4, trigger voltage VGT: the minimum gate current and voltage required to switch the thyristor from the off state to the on state when a specified voltage is applied between the anode and cathode at a specified ambient temperature. 15, holding current IH: the minimum anode forward current required to maintain the thyristor in the conducting state at a specified temperature with the gate circuit open. Many new types of thyristor components have been introduced, such as fast thyristors suitable for high-frequency applications, triacs that can be controlled to conduct in both directions by positive or negative trigger signals, and thyristors that can be turned on by a positive trigger signal and turned off by a negative trigger signal, among others.

franke electrical component applications

Basic circuits of analog integrated circuits include current sources, single-stage amplifiers, filters, feedback circuits, and current mirror circuits. Higher-level basic circuits composed of these include operational amplifiers and comparators. Even higher-level circuits include switched-capacitor circuits, phase-locked loops, and ADC/DAC. Based on the response relationship between output and input signals, analog integrated circuits can be divided into two major categories: linear integrated circuits and nonlinear integrated circuits. The response between the output and input signals of the former is usually linear; the shape of the output signal is similar to that of the input signal, only amplified by a fixed coefficient. In contrast, the response of the output signal to the input signal in nonlinear integrated circuits exhibits a nonlinear relationship, such as square or logarithmic relationships, hence they are called nonlinear circuits. Common nonlinear circuits include oscillators, timers, and phase-locked loop circuits. Typical applications of analog integrated circuits are shown in the figure below. External natural signals collected by various sensors or antennas, such as temperature, humidity, optical, piezoelectric, and acoustic-electric sensors, are preprocessed by analog circuits and converted into suitable digital signals for input into digital systems. Signals processed by the digital system are then post-processed by analog circuits and converted into analog signals such as sound, images, and radio waves for output.

franke electrical component principles

The alternating current generated by an automotive alternator is rectified into direct current by a rectifier, but its waveform still exhibits irregular fluctuations, which directly affects the accuracy of vehicle ignition. The inability to maintain a relatively constant output voltage causes differences in the energy of each spark plug ignition, easily leading to engine vibration, gear shift jerk, slow and weak acceleration, unstable idle speed, and low efficiency of the automotive air conditioning system. This significantly reduces the performance and service life of onboard electrical equipment. Additionally, the aging of the electrical system in older vehicles and the resulting increase in circuit resistance make the impact on the vehicle increasingly apparent. The role of an electronic rectifier is to help eliminate noise interference in the vehicle, stabilize output voltage, improve the instantaneous discharge capability of the power system, increase torque output, accelerate throttle response, extend battery service life, shorten engine start-up time, and improve ignition efficiency, with particularly noticeable effects in small-displacement vehicles. A semiconductor PN junction conducts a large current when forward-biased and a small current when reverse-biased. A rectifier diode is a PN junction diode that utilizes this unidirectional conductivity characteristic of the PN junction to convert alternating current into direct current. Devices with a current capacity below 1 amperes are typically referred to as rectifier diodes, while those above 8 amperes are called rectifiers. Common semiconductor rectifiers include silicon rectifiers and selenium rectifiers, available in many specifications, with voltages ranging from tens to thousands of volts and currents from a few amperes to thousands of amperes. Rectifiers are widely used in various forms of rectified power supplies. High-power rectified power supplies require rectifiers with large current capacity, high breakdown voltage, and good heat dissipation performance. However, such devices have large junction areas and large junction capacitance, resulting in very low operating frequencies, generally below tens of kilohertz. Silicon material has a larger bandgap and good thermal conductivity, making it suitable for manufacturing high-power rectifier devices. High-voltage silicon stacks are often used in high-voltage rectification installations. They consist of multiple rectifier die connected in series. Their reverse withstand voltage is determined by the withstand voltage of the die and the number of series-connected die, with maximum withstand voltages reaching hundreds of kilovolts. If a high-frequency rectifier circuit is used at very high frequencies, when the period of the AC voltage is comparable to the recovery time of the rectifier from the on-state to the off-state, the rectifier no longer performs rectification on the high-frequency voltage. To meet the needs of high-frequency operation, gold doping is typically used in silicon rectifiers to shorten the lifetime of injected minority carriers, thereby reducing recovery time. To reduce the possibility of device damage due to overvoltage breakdown and improve the reliability of rectification installations, silicon avalanche rectifiers can be used. In such devices, when the reverse voltage exceeds the allowable peak value, uniform avalanche breakdown occurs across the entire PN junction. The device can operate under high voltage and high current, thus withstanding considerable reverse surge power. Manufacturing such devices requires materials with few defects, uniform resistivity, and flat junction surfaces. The exposed junction area should also be properly protected to prevent surface breakdown. Selenium rectifiers have high overload capacity and strong ability to withstand reverse surge power. In the two basic types of rectifiers based on high-power diodes or thyristors, high-voltage AC power from the grid is converted into DC power by the rectifier.

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