KANLUX electrical components German KANLUX models KANLUX prices

KANLUX electrical components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, thyristors, transformers, relays, sensors, etc.; electronic devices include analog circuits (operational amplifiers, comparators, signal conditioners), logic circuits (flip-flops, counters, decoders, registers, transceivers, NOT gates, AND gates, OR gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates), microcontrollers, memory, digital potentiometers, signal conversion circuits (A/D converters, D/A converters, voltage-to-frequency converters), communication circuits (various interface circuits), monitoring and reset circuits (power supply monitoring, program monitoring), etc., too numerous to mention.

KANLUX electrical component principles

The basic working principle of fiber optic sensors is to guide light from a source through an optical fiber into a modulator, where the parameter to be measured interacts with the light entering the modulation region, causing changes in the optical properties of the light (such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, polarization state, etc.). This is called the modulated signal light. The measurement is completed by utilizing the influence of the measured quantity on the transmission characteristics of the light. There are two measurement principles for fiber optic sensors: (1) Principle of intrinsic fiber optic sensors: Intrinsic fiber optic sensors utilize the sensitivity of the optical fiber to environmental changes to convert input physical quantities into modulated optical signals. Their working principle is based on the optical modulation effect of the fiber, i.e., the phenomenon where its light transmission characteristics, such as phase and light intensity, change when external environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, electric field, and magnetic field change. Therefore, if the changes in light phase and intensity through the fiber can be measured, the changes in the measured physical quantity can be determined. These sensors are also known as sensitive element type or functional fiber optic sensors. The point source beam of the laser is diffused into parallel waves and split into two paths by a beam splitter: one reference path and one measurement path. External parameters (temperature, pressure, vibration, etc.) cause changes in fiber length and optical phase, thereby generating different numbers of interference fringes. Counting their lateral movement allows measurement of temperature or pressure. (9) Principle of extrinsic fiber optic sensors: Extrinsic fiber optic sensors are measurement systems composed of optical detection elements (sensitive elements), optical fiber transmission loops, and measurement circuits. Here, the optical fiber serves only as a medium for light propagation, so they are also called non-functional or light-transmitting fiber optic sensors.

KANLUX electrical component features

The main characteristics of thermistors are: (1) high sensitivity, with a resistance temperature coefficient larger than that of metals; (2) wide operating temperature range; (3) small size, capable of measuring temperatures in gaps, cavities, and blood vessels within living organisms that other thermometers cannot measure; (4) ease of use; (5) easy to process into complex shapes and suitable for mass production; (6) good stability and strong overload capacity.

KANLUX electrical component characteristics

The main parameters characterizing resistor characteristics include nominal resistance and its tolerance, rated power, load characteristics, and resistance temperature coefficient. Load characteristics: When the ambient operating temperature is below tR, the resistor must not exceed its rated power; when it exceeds tR, the load power must be reduced. Each type of resistor has specified load characteristics. Additionally, the allowable load may be correspondingly reduced under low atmospheric pressure. Under pulse load conditions, the average pulse power is far lower than the rated power, and separate specifications usually apply. Within the specified ambient temperature range, the average relative change in resistance for every 5 ℃ change in temperature is expressed in ppm/℃. In addition to the above parameters, there are other technical indicators such as nonlinearity (the degree to which the current-voltage characteristic deviates from a linear relationship), voltage coefficient (the relative rate of change in resistance per volt change in applied voltage), current noise (the ratio of the RMS value of the noise potential generated by current flow within the resistor body to the test voltage, expressed by the current noise index), high-frequency characteristics (the curve showing the decrease in resistance with increasing operating frequency due to the influence of distributed capacitance and inductance within the resistor body), and long-term stability (the process of irreversible changes in resistance caused by environmental conditions during long-term use or storage).

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