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Electronicon electrical component is a current-limiting element. After connecting a resistor in the circuit, the resistance value of the resistor is fixed, generally with two pins, and it can limit the magnitude of the current passing through the branch to which it is connected. A resistor whose resistance value cannot be changed is called a fixed resistor. A resistor whose resistance value can be changed is called a potentiometer or variable resistor. An ideal resistor is linear, meaning the instantaneous current through the resistor is proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Variable resistors used for voltage division. On the bare resistive body, one or two movable metal contacts are tightly pressed. The contact position determines the resistance between either end of the resistive body and the contact. There is a definite functional relationship between terminal voltage and current. It is a two-terminal device that reflects the ability to convert electrical energy into other forms, represented by the letter R, with the unit ohm Ω. Actual devices such as light bulbs, heating wires, and resistors can all be represented as resistor elements. The resistance value of a resistive element is generally related to temperature, material, length, and cross-sectional area. The physical quantity that measures the extent to which resistance is affected by temperature is the temperature coefficient, which is defined as the percentage change in resistance value when the temperature increases by 1 ℃. The main physical characteristic of resistance is the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy; it can also be said to be a dissipative element, where internal energy is generated when current passes through it. Resistors usually play the role of voltage division and current shunting in circuits. For signals, both AC and DC signals can pass through resistors.

Electronicon electrical component principle

A Schottky diode is a metal-semiconductor device made by using precious metals (gold, silver, aluminum, platinum, etc.) A as the anode and N-type semiconductor B as the cathode, utilizing the rectifying characteristics of the barrier formed at their contact surface. Because there are a large number of electrons in the N-type semiconductor and only a very small number of free electrons in the precious metal, electrons diffuse from the high-concentration B to the low-concentration A. Obviously, there are no holes in the metal A, so there is no diffusion movement of holes from A to B. As electrons continuously diffuse from B to A, the electron concentration on the surface of B gradually decreases, destroying surface electrical neutrality, thus forming a barrier whose electric field direction is B → A. However, under the action of this electric field, electrons in A also produce a drift movement from A → B, thereby weakening the electric field formed by the diffusion movement. After a space charge region of a certain width is established, the electron drift movement caused by the electric field and the electron diffusion movement caused by the concentration difference reach a relative balance, forming the Schottky barrier. The internal circuit structure of a typical Schottky rectifier uses N-type semiconductor as the substrate, on which an N-epitaxial layer doped with arsenic is formed. The anode uses materials such as molybdenum or aluminum to form a barrier layer. Silicon dioxide is used to eliminate the electric field in the edge region and increase the withstand voltage of the tube. The N-type substrate has a very small on-state resistance, and its doping concentration is 101% times higher than that of the H-layer. An N+ cathode layer is formed under the substrate to reduce the contact resistance of the cathode. By adjusting structural parameters, a Schottky barrier is formed between the N-type substrate and the anode metal.

Electronicon electrical component principle

Varactor diodes are a type of special diode. When a forward bias voltage is applied, a large current is generated, the depletion region of the PN (positive and negative poles) junction becomes narrower, the capacitance increases, producing a diffusion capacitance effect; when a reverse bias voltage is applied, a transition capacitance effect is produced. However, since leakage current is generated when forward bias voltage is applied, reverse bias voltage is supplied in applications. Varactor diodes are also called voltage-controlled variable capacitors; they are semiconductors that change junction capacitance according to the provided voltage change. That is to say, as a variable capacitor, it can be applied to resonant circuits such as FM tuners and TV tuners, and FM modulation circuits. In fact, we can regard it as a PN junction. We think that if a reverse voltage V is applied to the PN junction (varactor diodes are used in reverse), then electrons in the N-type semiconductor are drawn to the positive pole, and holes in the P-type semiconductor are drawn to the negative pole, forming a depletion layer with neither electrons nor holes. We set the width of this depletion layer as d, which changes with the change of reverse voltage V. In this way, if the reverse voltage V increases, the depletion layer d becomes wider, and the capacitance C of the diode decreases (according to C=kS/d), while if the reverse voltage decreases, the depletion layer width d becomes narrower, and the capacitance of the diode increases. The change in reverse voltage V causes changes in the depletion layer, thereby changing the junction capacitance C of the voltage-controlled variable capacitor. The goal is achieved. Varactor diodes are semiconductor devices made based on the principle that the capacitance between PN junctions is variable, and are used as variable capacitors in high-frequency tuning, communication, and other circuits. Varactor diodes have various packaging forms such as glass shell packaging (glass sealed), plastic packaging (plastic sealed), metal shell packaging (metal sealed), and leadless surface packaging. Usually, small and medium power varactor diodes adopt glass sealing, plastic sealing, or surface packaging, while higher power varactor diodes mostly adopt metal sealing. Common varactor diode parameters.

Electronicon electrical component function

A relay is an automatic switching component with isolation functions, widely used in remote control, telemetry, communications, automatic control, mechatronics, and power electronic equipment, and is one of the most important control components. Relays generally have a sensing mechanism (input part) that can reflect certain input variables (such as current, voltage, power, impedance, frequency, temperature, pressure, speed, light, etc.); an actuating mechanism (output part) that can realize "on" and "off" control of the controlled circuit; and between the input part and output part of the relay, there is an intermediate mechanism (drive part) that couples and isolates the input quantity, performs functional processing, and drives the output part. As a control component, relays have the following functions: ① Expand control range: For example, when the control signal of a multi-contact relay reaches a certain value, it can simultaneously switch, disconnect, and connect multiple circuits according to different forms of contact groups. ② Amplification: For example, sensitive relays and intermediate relays can use a very small control quantity to control high-power circuits. ③ Signal integration: For example, when multiple control signals are input into a multi-winding relay in a prescribed form, predetermined control effects are achieved through comparison and integration. ④ Automatic, remote control, monitoring: For example, relays on automatic devices can form program control lines together with other electrical appliances, thereby realizing automated operation.

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