ELECTROSTARSTAR electrical components German ELECTROSTARSTAR models ELECTROSTARSTAR prices

ELECTROSTARSTAR electrical components are semiconductor triodes, also known as bipolar junction transistors or crystal triodes, which are semiconductor devices that control current. Their function is to amplify weak signals into electrical signals with larger amplitudes, and they are also used as contactless switches. The triode is one of the basic semiconductor components, featuring current amplification capability, and is a core component in electronic circuits. A triode is fabricated on a single semiconductor substrate with two closely spaced PN junctions; these two PN junctions divide the entire semiconductor into three parts, with the middle part being the base region, and the two side parts being the emitter region and collector region. The arrangement types include PNP and NPN.

ELECTROSTARSTAR electrical component types

For different application scenarios, the purpose of applying varistors varies, and the voltage/current acting on the varistor differs accordingly; therefore, the requirements for varistors are not the same. Paying attention to these differences is crucial for correct usage. Based on the purpose of use, varistors can be divided into two main categories: (1) protection varistors and (2) circuit function varistors. Protection resistors: (1) Distinguish whether it is a varistor for power supply protection or for signal line and data line protection, as they must meet different technical standard requirements. (2) Based on the different continuous operating voltages applied to the varistor, varistors across power lines can be classified into AC type or DC type; the aging characteristics of varistors under these two voltage stresses differ. (3) Based on the different abnormal overvoltage characteristics withstandable by the varistor, varistors can be classified into three types: surge suppression type, high-power type, and high-energy type. 1. Surge suppression type varistors refer to varistors used to suppress transient overvoltages such as lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The occurrence of such transient overvoltages is random and non-periodic, and the peak current and voltage may be very high. The vast majority of varistors belong to this category. 2. High-power type varistors refer to varistors used to absorb continuous pulse groups that appear periodically, such as varistors connected in parallel to switching power supply converters. Here, the impulse voltage appears periodically, and the period is known. The energy value can generally be calculated. Although the voltage peak is not large, the average power is considerable due to the high frequency of occurrence. 7. High-energy type varistors refer to varistors used to absorb magnetic energy in large inductive coils such as generator excitation coils and lifting electromagnet coils. For such applications, the main technical indicator is energy absorption capacity. The protective function of varistors can be repeated multiple times in most application scenarios, but sometimes they are made into "one-time" protective devices similar to current fuses. For example, varistors with short-circuit contacts connected in parallel to the loads of certain current transformers.

ELECTROSTARSTAR electrical component functions

The modulated pulses generated by the oscillation circuit pass through the reflection circuit and are radiated as light pulses by the LED GL. When the measured object enters the effective range of the light receiver, the reflected light pulses enter the phototransistor DU. In the receiving circuit, the light pulses are demodulated into electrical pulse signals, then amplified and synchronously gated/shaped by an amplifier. Interference is then eliminated using digital integration or RC integration methods. Finally, the photoelectric switch control signal is output by the driver after a delay (or without delay). Photoelectric switches generally have good hysteresis characteristics, so even if the detected object shakes within a small range, the output status of the driver will not be affected, thereby keeping it in a stable operating zone. Meanwhile, the self-diagnosis system can display the light-receiving status and stable operating zone to monitor the work of the photoelectric switch at any time. Proximity switches are widely used in aviation, aerospace technology, and industrial production. In daily life, they are applied in automatic doors in hotels, restaurants, and garages, as well as in automatic hot air blowers. In terms of security and anti-theft, important places such as archives, accounting departments, financial institutions, museums, and vaults are usually equipped with anti-theft devices composed of various proximity switches. In measurement technology, such as length and position measurement; in control technology, such as displacement, speed, and acceleration measurement and control, a large number of proximity switches are also used.

ELECTROSTARSTAR electrical component structure

For rubber and plastic power cable cores used for power, lighting, and internal installation of electrical equipment, copper cores are preferred; for large cross-section wires, compacted wire cores are advisable. Conductors for fixed installation generally adopt Class 1 or Class 2 conductor structures. Insulation materials generally include four types: natural styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, and nitrile-PVC compounds. Heat-resistant power cables use PVC with a temperature resistance of 90°C. Sheath materials generally include five types: PVC, cold-resistant PVC, ant-proof PVC, black polyethylene, and neoprene rubber. Black polyethylene and neoprene sheathed power cables are suitable for special cold resistance and outdoor overhead laying. In environments with external forces, corrosion, or humidity, power cables with rubber or plastic sheaths can be used. Rubber and plastic flexible power cables use copper cores with a flexible structure, consisting of stranded single wires; flexible conductors generally adopt Class 5 or Class 6 conductor structures. Insulation materials generally include natural styrene-butadiene rubber, PVC, or soft polyethylene plastic. The cabling lay ratio multiplier is relatively small. The outer protective layer uses cotton yarn braiding to prevent overheating and damage to the insulation layer. To facilitate use and simplify the production process, a three-core balanced structure is adopted, which saves production man-hours and improves production efficiency. Shielded insulated power cable cores are allowed to be tinned in certain occasions; the surface coverage density of the shielding layer should comply with standards or meet user requirements; the shielding layer should be braided or wound with tinned copper wires; if an extruded sheath is added outside the shield, the shield is allowed to be braided or wound with soft round copper wires. To prevent internal interference between wire cores or wire pairs, structures with individual phase shielding for each wire core (or wire pair) can be produced. General-purpose rubber-sheathed rubber power cable cores use stranded soft copper wires with a flexible structure; paper wrapping is allowed on the surface of large cross-sections to improve bending performance. Insulation uses natural styrene-butadiene rubber, which has good aging performance. The rubber for outdoor products uses neoprene or a neoprene-based mixed rubber formula. Mining rubber power cable cores use copper cores with a flexible structure, consisting of stranded single wires; flexible conductors generally adopt Class 5 or Class 6 conductor structures. Insulation materials generally use rubber. The cabling lay ratio multiplier is relatively small. Many products use metal braiding to uniform the electric field and improve the sensitivity display of insulation status. There is a thicker outer sheath, and color coding is performed underground in mines to allow construction personnel to understand the different voltage levels of the rubber power cables in use.

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