ELEMATIC electrical components Germany ELEMATIC model ELEMATIC price

ELEMATIC electrical component is a photodetector that converts light into current or voltage signals depending on the mode of use. The die often uses a PN junction with photosensitive characteristics, which is highly sensitive to changes in light, has unidirectional conductivity, and changes its electrical properties under different light intensities; therefore, the current in the circuit can be changed by varying the light intensity. Photodiodes are also called photoelectric diodes. Photodiodes are similar in structure to semiconductor diodes; their die is a PN junction with photosensitive characteristics and has unidirectional conductivity, so a reverse voltage must be applied during operation. When there is no illumination, there is a very small saturated reverse leakage current, i.e., dark current, at which point the photodiode is cut off. When exposed to light, the saturated reverse leakage current increases significantly, forming a photocurrent that varies with the intensity of the incident light. When light irradiates the PN junction, it generates electron-hole pairs in the PN junction, increasing the density of minority carriers. These carriers drift under reverse voltage, causing the reverse current to increase. Therefore, the current in the circuit can be changed by varying the light intensity.

ELEMATIC electrical component principle

In power generation, transformation, transmission, distribution, and consumption circuits, current magnitudes vary widely, ranging from a few amperes to tens of thousands of amperes. To facilitate measurement, protection, and control, currents need to be converted to a more uniform level. Additionally, voltages on lines are generally high, making direct measurement very dangerous. Current transformers serve the functions of current transformation and electrical isolation. For pointer-type ammeters, the secondary current of current transformers is mostly at the ampere level. For digital instruments, the sampled signal is generally at the milliampere level. The secondary current of miniature current transformers is at the milliampere level, mainly serving as a bridge between large transformers and sampling. Miniature current transformers are also referred to as "instrument current transformers." ("Instrument current transformer" implies precision current transformers with multiple current ratios used in laboratories, generally for extending instrument ranges.) Current transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, similar to transformers; however, transformers transform voltage while current transformers transform current. The winding of the current transformer connected to the measured current is called the primary winding; the winding connected to the measuring instrument is called the secondary winding. The ratio of the primary winding current I1 to the secondary winding I8 current is called the actual current ratio K. The current ratio when the current transformer operates at rated current is called the rated current ratio of the current transformer, denoted by Kn.

ELEMATIC electrical component composition

1. The wiring harness is designed to facilitate installation and maintenance, ensuring that electrical equipment can operate under the most severe conditions. It integrates wires of different specifications and colors used by various electrical devices in the vehicle through reasonable arrangement, bundling them together with insulating materials to ensure completeness and reliability. 2. Proper selection of wire cross-sectional area and color codes: ① Correct selection of wire cross-sectional area: Electrical equipment on the vehicle selects the wire cross-sectional area based on the magnitude of the load current. For electrical equipment operating for extended periods, the actual current-carrying capacity of the wire can be selected at 60%; for short-term operation, it can be selected at 60%-101%. ② Selection of wire color codes: To facilitate identification and maintenance, wires in the harness are differentiated by color. For ease of annotation in circuit diagrams, wire colors are represented by letters, with corresponding color explanations provided in each wiring diagram.

ELEMATIC electrical component principle

The basic working principle of fiber optic sensors is to guide light from a source through an optical fiber into a modulator. After interacting with the light entering the modulation region, the parameter to be measured causes changes in the optical properties of the light (such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, polarization state, etc.), resulting in modulated signal light. Measurement is then completed by utilizing the influence of the measured quantity on the light transmission characteristics. There are two types of measurement principles for fiber optic sensors: (1) Principle of intrinsic fiber optic sensors: Intrinsic fiber optic sensors utilize the sensitivity of optical fibers to environmental changes to convert input physical quantities into modulated optical signals. Their working principle is based on the optical modulation effect of fibers, i.e., the phenomenon where light transmission characteristics, such as phase and intensity, change when external environmental factors like temperature, pressure, electric fields, and magnetic fields change. Therefore, by measuring changes in the phase and intensity of light passing through the fiber, changes in the measured physical quantity can be determined. These sensors are also known as sensitive element type or functional fiber optic sensors. The point source beam of a laser is diffused into parallel waves and split by a beam splitter into two paths: one reference path and one measurement path. External parameters (temperature, pressure, vibration, etc.) cause changes in fiber length and optical phase, generating different numbers of interference fringes. Counting the lateral movement of these fringes allows measurement of temperature or pressure. (3) Principle of extrinsic fiber optic sensors: Extrinsic fiber optic sensors are measurement systems composed of light detection elements (sensitive elements), optical fiber transmission loops, and measurement circuits. Here, the optical fiber serves only as a medium for light propagation, so they are also called non-functional or light-transmitting fiber optic sensors.

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