EPLAX GmbH electrical components Germany EPLAX GmbH model EPLAX GmbH price

EPLAX GmbH electrical component is an electronic device with three terminals, made of three parts of semiconductors with different doping levels. The charge flow in the transistor is mainly due to the diffusion and drift movement of carriers at the PN junction. The operation of this transistor involves the flow of both electrons and holes, so it is called bipolar, also known as a bipolar junction transistor. This operating mode differs from unipolar transistors such as field-effect transistors, whose operation involves only the drift of a single type of carrier. The boundary between two regions with different dopants is formed by the PN junction. Bipolar transistors can amplify signals and have good power control, high-speed operation, and durability, so they are often used to form amplifier circuits or drive devices such as speakers and motors, and are widely used in aerospace engineering, medical devices, robotics, and other applications.

EPLAX GmbH electrical component classification

Classification by working principle or structural characteristics of relays: (1) Electromagnetic relay: An electrical relay that operates using the attractive force generated between the electromagnet core and the armature by the current in the input circuit. (2) Solid-state relay: A relay where electronic components perform its function without mechanical moving parts, providing isolation between input and output. (3) Temperature relay: A relay that activates when the ambient temperature reaches a set value. (4) Reed relay: A relay that opens, closes, or switches circuits using the action of reeds sealed in a tube, which serve both as contact springs and part of the magnetic circuit with the armature. (5) Time relay: A relay whose output section delays or limits to a specified time before closing or opening the controlled circuit when an input signal is applied or removed. (6) High-frequency relay: A relay used for switching high-frequency and RF lines with minimal loss. (7) Polarized relay: A relay that operates through the combined effect of a polarizing magnetic field and the magnetic field generated by the control current passing through the control coil. The direction of relay operation depends on the direction of the current flowing through the control coil. (8) Other types of relays: Such as optical relays, acoustic relays, thermal relays, instrument relays, Hall effect relays, differential relays, etc.

EPLAX GmbH electrical component principle

When current flows through a conductor, the conductor heats up due to its inherent resistance. The heat generation follows this formula: Q=I2RT; where Q is the heat generated, 0.25 is a constant, I is the current flowing through the conductor, R is the resistance of the conductor, and T is the time the current flows through the conductor; from this formula, we can easily understand the simple working principle of a fuse. Once the material and shape of the fuse are determined, its resistance R is relatively fixed (ignoring its temperature coefficient of resistance). When current flows through it, it generates heat, and the heat increases over time. The magnitude of current and resistance determines the rate of heat generation, while the construction of the fuse and its installation conditions determine the rate of heat dissipation. If the rate of heat generation is less than the rate of heat dissipation, the fuse will not blow. If the rate of heat generation equals the rate of heat dissipation, it will not blow for a considerable period. If the rate of heat generation exceeds the rate of heat dissipation, heat accumulates. Due to its specific heat capacity and mass, this heat accumulation manifests as a rise in temperature. When the temperature rises above the melting point of the fuse, the fuse blows. This is the working principle of a fuse. From this principle, you should know that when designing and manufacturing fuses, you must carefully study the physical properties of your selected materials and ensure consistent geometric dimensions, as these factors play a crucial role in the proper functioning of the fuse. Similarly, when using it, you must install it correctly.

EPLAX GmbH electrical component structure

1. LCD panel: The LCD panel includes polarizing films, glass substrates, black matrix, color filters, protective film, common electrodes, alignment layer, liquid crystal layer (liquid crystal, spacers, sealant), capacitors, display electrodes, prism sheet, and diffuser layer. Polarizing films, also known as polarizers, are divided into upper and lower polarizers. The polarization functions of the upper and lower polarizers are perpendicular to each other. They act like a fence, blocking light wave components perpendicular to the polarizer's axis while allowing only those parallel to pass through. 2. Glass substrate: In liquid crystal displays, glass substrates are divided into upper and lower substrates. Their main function is to hold the liquid crystal material in the space between the two substrates. The material for glass substrates is generally alkali-free borosilicate glass with excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance. For TFT-LCD, one glass substrate is distributed with TFT, while the other glass substrate is deposited with color filters. 3. Black matrix: The black matrix uses highly light-blocking materials to separate the red, green, and blue primary colors in the color filter (to prevent color mixing) and prevent light leakage, thereby improving the contrast of each color block. Additionally, in TFT-LCD, the black matrix can conceal internal electrode wiring or thin-film transistors. Color filters, also known as color filter membranes, generate 3 primary colors (red, green, blue) to achieve full-color display on the LCD. 4. Alignment layer: Also known as the orientation layer or directing layer, its function is to enable uniform arrangement and orientation of liquid crystal molecules at the microscopic level. 5. Transparent electrode: Transparent electrodes are divided into common electrodes and pixel electrodes. The input signal voltage is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Transparent electrodes are typically formed by depositing indium tin oxide (ITO) material on the glass substrate to create a transparent conductive layer. 6. Liquid crystal material: In LCD, liquid crystal material acts like a light valve, controlling the brightness of transmitted light to achieve information display. 7. Driver IC: The driver IC is essentially a set of integrated circuit chips used to adjust and control the phase, peak value, frequency, etc., of potential signals on the transparent electrodes, establishing a driving electric field to ultimately realize information display on the LCD. In LCD panels, active matrix LCDs are constructed by sealing twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal material between two glass substrates. The upper glass substrate (closer to the display screen) is deposited with red, green, and blue (RGB) color filters (or color filter membranes), black matrix, and common transparent electrodes. The lower glass substrate (farther from the display screen) is equipped with thin-film transistor (TFT) devices, transparent pixel electrodes, storage capacitors, gate lines, signal lines, etc. Alignment layers (or orientation layers) are prepared on the inner sides of both glass substrates to orient the liquid crystal molecules. Liquid crystal material is injected between the two glass substrates, and spacers are dispersed to ensure uniform gap thickness. The periphery is bonded with frame glue for sealing, and the common electrodes of the upper and lower glass substrates are connected using silver dot paste technology. Polarizers (or polarizing films) are attached to the outer sides of the upper and lower glass substrates, respectively. When voltage is applied between the pixel transparent electrode and the common transparent electrode, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules changes. Consequently, the intensity of incident light passing through the liquid crystal also changes. LCDs utilize the optical rotation property of liquid crystal materials combined with electric field control to achieve information display. 8. Backlight module: LCD products are non-emissive electronic devices that do not emit light themselves. They rely on the light emission from the source in the backlight module to achieve display performance. Therefore, the brightness of LCD is determined by its backlight module. Thus, the performance of the backlight module directly affects the display quality of the LCD panel. The backlight module includes lighting sources, reflectors, light guide plates, diffuser sheets, brightness enhancement films (prism sheets), and frames. Backlight modules for LCD are mainly divided into edge-lit and direct-lit types. Mobile phones, laptops, and monitors (15 inches) mainly use edge-lit backlight modules, while LCD TVs mostly use direct-lit backlight module sources. Cold cathode fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diodes are the main backlight sources for LCD. 9. Reflector: Also known as the reflector cover, its main function is to direct all light emitted by the source into the light guide plate, minimizing unnecessary losses. 1. Light guide plate: Its main function is to guide light from the side-mounted source to the front of the panel. 11. Prism sheet: Also known as brightness enhancement film, its main function is to concentrate scattered light through refraction and total reflection within the film layer, emitting it from the backlight source at a specific angle to enhance screen brightness.18. Diffuser sheet: The main function of the diffuser sheet is to correct the edge-lit light from the backlight module into a uniform surface light source to achieve optical diffusion. Diffuser sheets are divided into upper and lower diffuser sheets. The upper diffuser sheet is located between the prism sheet and the LCD assembly, closer to the display panel. The lower diffuser sheet is located between the light guide plate and the prism sheet, closer to the backlight source.

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