GvA Leistungselektronik electrical components Germany GvA Leistungselektronik models GvA Leistungselektronik prices

GvA Leistungselektronik electrical components refer to lightning arrestor tubes or antenna switch tubes used for overvoltage protection. The tube contains two or more electrodes and is filled with a certain amount of inert gas. A gas discharge tube is a gap-type lightning protection component used for lightning protection in communication systems. Gas discharge tubes are gap-type lightning protection components that have been widely applied in the lightning protection of communication systems. Discharge tubes are commonly used in the first stage or the first two stages of multi-stage protection circuits to discharge instantaneous lightning overcurrents and limit overvoltage. Due to the high inter-electrode insulation resistance and low parasitic capacitance of discharge tubes, they offer clear advantages for lightning protection of high-frequency signal lines. The main disadvantages of the protection characteristics of discharge tubes are their large discharge delay and less-than-ideal operating sensitivity, making it difficult to effectively suppress lightning waves with steep wavefront rise times. There is also a follow-current issue in the lightning protection of power systems. Commonly used gas discharge tubes include two-electrode and three-electrode discharge tubes. Their encapsulation housing material is mostly ceramic, hence they are called ceramic discharge tubes.

GvA Leistungselektronik electrical component structure

The type commonly used is the unidirectional thyristor, also known as the ordinary thyristor. It is composed of four layers of semiconductor materials, has three PN junctions, and has three external electrodes: the electrode drawn from the first layer of P-type semiconductor is called the anode A; the electrode drawn from the third layer of P-type semiconductor is called the gate G; and the electrode drawn from the fourth layer of N-type semiconductor is called the cathode K. As can be seen from the circuit symbol of the thyristor, it is a unidirectional conductive device like a diode, but with the addition of a gate G, which gives it operating characteristics completely different from those of a diode. The P1N1P2N2 four-layer, three-terminal device, based on silicon monocrystal, is internationally known as the silicon crystal thyratron because its characteristics are similar to those of a vacuum thyratron; it is abbreviated as thyristor T. Since thyristors were initially used in static rectification, they are also called silicon controlled rectifiers, abbreviated as SCR SCR. In terms of performance, SCRs not only have unidirectional conductivity but also possess controllability that is more valuable than that of silicon rectifier elements (commonly known as "dead silicon"). They have only two states: conduction and cutoff. SCRs can control high-power electromechanical equipment with milliampere-level currents. If this power is exceeded, the switching loss of the component increases significantly, and the allowable average current decreases accordingly; in this case, the nominal current should be derated. SCRs have many advantages, such as controlling high power with low power, with power amplification factors reaching hundreds of thousands of times; extremely fast response, turning on and off within microseconds; contactless operation, no sparks, no noise; high efficiency, low cost, etc. Weaknesses of SCRs include poor static and dynamic overload capabilities and susceptibility to interference causing false triggering. SCRs are mainly classified by appearance into bolt type, flat plate type, and flat bottom type. Structure of SCR components. Regardless of the shape of the SCR, their chip cores are composed of four-layer P1N1P2N2 structures made of P-type silicon and N-type silicon. They have three PN junctions (J1, J2, J3). The anode A is drawn from the P1 layer of the J1 structure, the cathode K is drawn from the N2 layer, and the gate G is drawn from the P5 layer, making it a four-layer, three-terminal semiconductor device.

GvA Leistungselektronik electrical component characteristics

Sensitivity refers to the ratio of the change in output to the change in input of a sensor under steady-state operating conditions. It is the slope of the output-input characteristic curve. If there is a linear relationship between the sensor's output and input, then the sensitivity S is a constant. Otherwise, it will vary with changes in the input. The dimension of sensitivity is the ratio of the dimensions of the output and input quantities. When the dimensions of the sensor's output and input quantities are the same, sensitivity can be understood as the amplification factor. Increasing sensitivity can yield higher measurement accuracy. However, the higher the sensitivity, the narrower the measurement range, and stability is often poorer.

GvA Leistungselektronik electrical component classification

For different application scenarios, the purpose of applying varistors and the voltage/current stress acting on the varistors are not the same; therefore, the requirements for varistors also differ. It is very important to distinguish these differences for correct usage. According to different purposes, varistors can be divided into two major categories: varistors for protection and varistors for circuit functions. 1 Distinguish between varistors for power supply protection and those for signal line or data line protection, as they must meet the requirements of different technical standards. 2 According to the different continuous operating voltages applied to the varistor, varistors across power lines can be classified into two types: AC type and DC type. The aging characteristics of varistors under these two voltage stresses are different. 7 According to the different abnormal overvoltage characteristics endured by the varistor, varistors can be classified into three types: surge suppression type, high-power type, and high-energy type. ② Surge suppression type: Refers to varistors used to suppress transient overvoltages such as lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The occurrence of such transient overvoltages is random and non-periodic, and the peak current and voltage may be very high. The vast majority of varistors belong to this category. ③ High-power type: Refers to varistors used to absorb continuous pulse trains that occur periodically, such as varistors connected in parallel to switching power supply converters. Here, the impulse voltage occurs periodically with a known period, and the energy value can generally be calculated. Although the peak voltage is not very high, the average power is considerable due to the high frequency of occurrence. ④ High-energy type: Refers to varistors used to absorb magnetic energy from large inductive coils such as generator excitation coils and lifting electromagnet coils. For such applications, the main technical indicator is energy absorption capability. The protective function of varistors can be repeated many times in most application scenarios, but sometimes they are made into one-time protective devices like current fuses. For example, varistors with short-circuit contacts connected in parallel to the loads of certain current transformers.

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