GYPSTREND electrical components, German GYPSTREND models, GYPSTREND prices

GYPSTREND electrical components are surge absorbers/varistor assemblies. Due to their nonlinear resistance change with voltage, they exhibit symmetry in both directions (positive and negative). They respond to abnormal voltages on the line, absorbing most of the surge/lightning energy while suppressing the abnormal voltage to a safe range, thereby improving the safety and stability of the circuit. In the standby state, surge absorbers (varistors) have very high impedance (several megohms) relative to the protected electronic components and do not affect the characteristics of the original design circuit. However, when an instantaneous surge voltage occurs (exceeding the breakdown voltage of the surge absorber), the impedance of the surge absorber drops low (to only a few ohms), causing a short circuit in the line, thus protecting electronic products or more expensive components.

GYPSTREND electrical component types

(1) Electron tubes can be classified by application into voltage amplifier tubes, power amplifier tubes, gas-filled tubes, thyratrons, ignitrons, frequency converter tubes, rectifier tubes, detector tubes, tuning indicator tubes (magic eye), voltage regulator tubes, etc. (2) Electron tubes can be classified by the number of electrodes into voltage amplifier tubes, triodes, tetrodes, pentodes, hexodes, heptodes, octodes, enneodes, and composite tubes, etc. Electron tubes with more than three electrodes are also called multielectrode tubes or multigrid tubes. (3) Electron tubes can be classified by shape and envelope material into bottle-shaped glass tubes (ST tubes), "acorn" tubes, cylindrical glass tubes (GT tubes), large glass tubes (G type tubes), metal-ceramic tubes, miniature tubes (also called peanut tubes or finger-shaped tubes, MT tubes), lighthouse tubes (beacon tubes), and subminiature tubes (pencil tubes), among others. (4) Electron tubes can be classified by internal structure into single diodes, diodes, double-diode triodes, double diodes, single triodes, power pentodes, beam tetrodes, beam pentodes, dual diodes, diode-pentode composite tubes, beam tetrodes, triode-pentode composite tubes, triode-hexode composite tubes, triode-heptode composite tubes, and various types of beam power tubes. (5) Electron tubes can be classified by cathode heating method into directly heated cathode electron tubes (current passes directly through the cathode to achieve thermionic emission) and indirectly heated cathode electron tubes (the cathode is heated by a filament adjacent to it). (6) Electron tubes can be classified by shielding method into sharp-cutoff shielded electron tubes and remote-cutoff shielded electron tubes. (7) Electron tubes can be classified by cooling method into water-cooled electron tubes, air-cooled electron tubes, and natural convection-cooled electron tubes.

GYPSTREND electrical component classification

Thermosensitive materials are generally divided into three categories: semiconductors, metals, and alloys: 1. Semiconductor thermistor materials include single-crystal semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and metal oxides. They all have very large temperature coefficients of resistance and high resistivity, resulting in high sensitivity for sensors made from them. Based on the temperature coefficient of resistance, they can also be divided into negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials. For example, barium titanate ceramic is an ideal PTC semiconductor material. Both types of materials are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature control, temperature compensation, switching circuits, overload protection, and time delay applications, such as in the manufacture of thermistor thermometers, thermistor switches, and thermistor delay relays. Due to the exponential relationship between resistance and temperature, these materials have a narrow temperature measurement range and poor uniformity. 2. Metal thermistor materials are widely used as thermal resistors for temperature measurement, current limiters, and automatic constant-temperature heating elements. Examples include platinum resistance thermometers, nickel resistance thermometers, and copper resistance thermometers. Among these, platinum temperature sensors exhibit high precision and high stability in various media (including corrosive media). However, their widespread application is somewhat limited by the scarcity and high price of platinum. Copper temperature sensors are cheaper, but long-term use in corrosive media can lead to significant changes in static characteristics and resistance values. Nickel temperature sensors are widely used abroad and are considered an ideal material due to their high sensitivity, satisfactory reproducibility, and stability. 3. Alloy thermistor materials, also known as thermistor alloys. This alloy has high resistivity, and its resistance value is sensitive to temperature changes, making it a good material for manufacturing temperature-sensitive sensors. The performance requirements for thermistor alloys as temperature-sensitive sensors are as follows: (1) sufficiently high resistivity; (2) relatively high temperature coefficient of resistance; (3) linear expansion coefficient close to that of the experimental material; (4) low strain sensitivity coefficient; (10) good repeatability of the resistance-temperature curve during heating and cooling within the operating temperature range.

GYPSTREND electrical component features

Among various switches, there is a component capable of "sensing" objects approaching it—the displacement sensor. Utilizing the sensitivity of the displacement sensor to approaching objects achieves the purpose of controlling the switch on or off; this is a proximity switch. When an object moves toward the proximity switch and approaches within a certain distance, the displacement sensor "senses" it, and the switch activates. This distance is usually called the "detection distance." Different proximity switches have different detection distances. Sometimes, detected objects move toward the proximity switch one by one at certain time intervals and then leave one by one, repeating continuously. Different proximity switches have different response capabilities to detection objects. This response characteristic is called the "response frequency."

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