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ju-systemtechnik electrical components: A capacitor consists of two conductors in close proximity separated by a non-conductive insulating dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the two plates of a capacitor, it stores charge. The capacitance value is numerically equal to the ratio of the charge on one conductive plate to the voltage between the two plates. The basic unit of capacitance is the Farad (F). In circuit diagrams, the letter C is commonly used to represent capacitive components; capacitors are components that store electric charge and electrical energy (electric potential energy). A system of conductors where one conductor is enclosed by another, or where all electric field lines originating from one conductor terminate on another conductor, is called a capacitor.

ju-systemtechnik electrical components applications

The most basic application of a standard thyristor is controlled rectification. The familiar diode rectifier circuit belongs to uncontrolled rectification circuits. Replacing the diode with a thyristor creates a controlled rectification circuit. Taking the simplest single-phase half-wave controlled rectification circuit as an example, during the positive half-cycle of the sinusoidal AC voltage U2, if there is no input trigger pulse Ug at the gate of VS, VS will not conduct. The thyristor is triggered into conduction only when U2 is in the positive half-cycle and an external trigger pulse Ug is applied to the gate. Its waveforms (c) and (d) show that voltage UL appears across the load RL only when the trigger pulse Ug arrives. If Ug arrives earlier, the thyristor conducts earlier; if Ug arrives later, the thyristor conducts later. By changing the arrival time of the trigger pulse Ug at the gate, the average value of the output voltage UL across the load can be adjusted. In electrical engineering, half a cycle of AC is often defined as 180°, referred to as the electrical angle. Thus, in each positive half-cycle of U2, the electrical angle experienced from the zero crossing to the instant the trigger pulse arrives is called the control angle α; the electrical angle during which the thyristor conducts within each positive half-cycle is called the conduction angle θ. Clearly, both α and θ indicate the conduction or blocking range of the thyristor during the half-cycle where it withstands forward voltage. By changing the control angle α or conduction angle θ, the average value UL of the pulsed DC voltage across the load is changed, achieving controlled rectification. Low-power plastic-packaged bidirectional thyristors are typically used in sound-and-light-controlled lighting systems. Rated current is less than 9A. Medium and high-power plastic-packaged and metal-cased thyristors are typically used in power-type controlled voltage regulation circuits, such as adjustable DC power supplies. High-power high-frequency thyristors are typically used in industrial applications, such as high-frequency melting furnaces.

ju-systemtechnik electrical components structure

The main purpose of fiber optic connectors is to achieve fiber splicing. Fiber optic connectors, widely used in fiber optic communication systems, come in many types with varying structures. However, upon closer examination, the basic structure of various types of fiber optic connectors is consistent: the vast majority generally use high-precision components (consisting of two ferrules and one coupling sleeve, totaling three parts) to achieve aligned connection of the fibers. This method involves inserting and fixing the fiber into the ferrule, polishing the ferrule surface, and achieving alignment within the coupling sleeve. The external component of the ferrule is made of metal or non-metallic materials. The mating end of the ferrule must be polished, while the other end typically uses a strain relief boot to support the fiber or fiber optic cable and release stress. The coupling sleeve is generally a tight cylindrical component made of two halves synthesized from materials such as ceramic or bronze, often equipped with metal or plastic flanges to facilitate installation and fixation of the connector. To align the fibers as precisely as possible, the machining precision requirements for the ferrule and coupling sleeve are very high.

ju-systemtechnik electrical components parameters

Key technical parameters of solid-state relays include: input voltage range, input current, turn-on voltage, turn-off voltage, reverse polarity voltage, rated output current, rated output voltage, output voltage, output leakage current, turn-on time, turn-off time, zero-crossing voltage, maximum surge voltage, electrical system peak, voltage rate of rise, operating temperature, ambient temperature range, dielectric withstand voltage, insulation resistance, electrical system peak, turn-off time, conduction time, output terminal leakage current, maximum on-state voltage transient overvoltage, maximum zero-crossing conduction voltage, power consumption, maximum surge current, minimum load current, maximum load current, output voltage range, minimum input impedance, reverse polarity voltage, input current, guaranteed turn-off voltage, guaranteed turn-on voltage, input voltage range.

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