Polyphaser electrical components Germany Polyphaser model Polyphaser price

Polyphaser electrical components are devices that convert other forms of energy into electrical energy and supply it to circuits (electronic devices). Power sources operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, generating electricity from renewable sources such as hydropower, wind power, tides, dam water pressure differences, and solar energy, as well as from burning coal and oil residue. A power supply is a device that delivers power to electronic equipment, also known as a power supply unit; it provides the electrical energy required by all components in a computer. The magnitude of the power supply, and the stability of current and voltage, directly affect the performance and service life of the computer.

Polyphaser electrical component principles

The construction of a mercury switch is very simple. It consists of a sealed cylindrical insulating housing containing approximately one-fifth mercury. Two wires leading out from the interior are fixed at one end of the housing. This constitutes a mercury switch. Due to gravity, the mercury bead flows to the lower part of the container; if it simultaneously contacts both electrodes, the switch closes the circuit, turning the switch on. The shape of the container also affects the conditions under which the mercury bead contacts the electrodes.

Polyphaser electrical component structure

The simplest switch consists of two metal pieces called contacts. When the two contacts touch, they complete the current loop; when they do not touch, the current path is open. When selecting contact metals, their corrosion resistance must be considered, as most metals form insulating oxides after oxidation, preventing normal contact operation. Other factors to consider include electrical conductivity, hardness, mechanical strength, cost, and toxicity. Contacts are sometimes plated with corrosion-resistant metals, typically on the contact surfaces, to prevent performance degradation due to oxides. Non-metallic conductive materials, such as conductive plastics, are sometimes used for contact surfaces. In addition to contacts, switches contain movable parts that make or break the connection. Depending on the type of movable part, switches are classified as lever switches, pushbutton switches, rocker switches, etc., and the movable part can also be other types of mechanical linkages.

Polyphaser electrical component structure

Commonly used is the unidirectional thyristor, also known as the conventional thyristor. It is composed of four layers of semiconductor material and has three PN junctions, with three external electrodes: the electrode drawn from the first layer of P-type semiconductor is called the anode A; the electrode drawn from the third layer of P-type semiconductor is called the gate G; and the electrode drawn from the fourth layer of N-type semiconductor is called the cathode K. As seen from the circuit symbol, like a diode, it is a unidirectional conductive device, but with the addition of a gate G, it exhibits operating characteristics completely different from those of a diode. The P1N1P2N2 four-layer, three-terminal device, based on monocrystalline silicon, is internationally known as the silicon controlled rectifier because its characteristics resemble those of a vacuum thyratron; it is abbreviated as thyristor T. Since thyristors were initially used in static rectification, they are also called silicon controlled rectifiers, abbreviated as SCR SCR. In terms of performance, SCRs not only have unidirectional conductivity but also possess controllability more valuable than that of silicon rectifier elements (commonly known as dead silicon). They have only two states: conduction and blocking. SCRs can control high-power electromechanical equipment with milliampere-level currents. If this power is exceeded, switching losses increase significantly, reducing the allowable average current; in such cases, the rated current should be derated. SCRs have many advantages, such as controlling high power with low power, with power amplification factors up to hundreds of thousands; extremely fast response, turning on and off within microseconds; contactless operation, spark-free and noise-free; high efficiency and low cost. Weaknesses of SCRs include poor static and dynamic overload capacity and susceptibility to interference causing false triggering. SCRs are mainly classified by appearance into bolt-type, flat-type, and flat-base types. Structure of SCR components. Regardless of the external shape, the chip of an SCR consists of a four-layer P1N1P2N2 structure made of P-type silicon and N-type silicon. It has three PN junctions (J1, J2, J3). The anode A is drawn from the P1 layer of the J1 structure, the cathode K is drawn from the N2 layer, and the gate G is drawn from the P5 layer, making it a four-layer, three-terminal semiconductor device.

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