PTR electrical components Germany PTR model PTR price

PTR electrical components are fuses that can be operated multiple times, known as permanent fuses in Japan. Immediately after interrupting an overload or short-circuit current, the fusible element automatically restores to its original state. The housing is made of austenitic stainless steel, with a beryllium oxide ceramic core embedded in the center. The space between the stainless steel and the ceramic core is filled with glass to seal and secure the ceramic core. The fine pores in the ceramic core are filled with metallic sodium as the fusible element, and the void behind the piston is filled with argon gas to compress the metallic sodium. Under normal operating conditions, current can enter from the lead terminal A, pass through the metallic sodium in the fine pores of the ceramic core, conduct to the stainless steel housing, and exit via the output terminal B. When a short-circuit current passes through the fuse, it rapidly heats the metallic sodium in the fine pores of the ceramic core, causing it to change from a solid to a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma vapor. The resistivity increases rapidly, thereby strongly limiting the short-circuit current and interrupting it instantly. When the interruption ends, the sodium vapor immediately returns to liquid and solid states, while the argon gas pushes the piston again to compress the metallic sodium, re-establishing the circuit connection.

PTR electrical component principle

A varactor diode is a special type of diode. When a forward bias is applied, a large current flows, the PN (positive-negative) junction depletion region narrows, capacitance increases, and a diffusion capacitance effect is produced; when a reverse bias is applied, a transition capacitance effect is produced. However, since leakage current occurs under forward bias, reverse bias is typically applied in applications. A varactor diode, also known as a voltage-controlled variable capacitor, is a semiconductor that changes its junction capacitance according to the applied voltage. In other words, as a variable capacitor, it can be used in resonant circuits such as FM tuners and TV tuners, as well as in FM modulation circuits. Essentially, it can be viewed as a PN junction. If a reverse voltage V is applied to the PN junction (since varactor diodes are used in reverse), electrons in the N-type semiconductor are drawn toward the positive electrode, and holes in the P-type semiconductor are drawn toward the negative electrode, forming a depletion layer with neither electrons nor holes. Let the width of this depletion layer be d, which varies with the reverse voltage V. Thus, as the reverse voltage V increases, the depletion layer d widens, and the diode capacitance C decreases (according to C=kS/d); conversely, as the reverse voltage decreases, the depletion layer width d narrows, and the diode capacitance increases. Changes in the reverse voltage V cause changes in the depletion layer, thereby altering the junction capacitance C of the voltage-controlled variable capacitor, achieving the desired effect. Varactor diodes are semiconductor devices manufactured based on the principle of variable capacitance across the PN junction, used as variable capacitors in high-frequency tuning, communication, and other circuits. Varactor diodes come in various package types, including glass encapsulation (glass-sealed), plastic encapsulation (plastic-sealed), metal housing encapsulation (metal-sealed), and leadless surface mount packages. Typically, low-to-medium power varactor diodes use glass, plastic, or surface mount packages, while higher power varactor diodes mostly use metal-sealed packages. Common varactor diode parameters.

PTR electrical component principle

A resistor consists of three parts: the resistive element, the substrate, and the leads (in solid-core resistors, the resistive element and substrate are combined into one), with only the resistive element determining the resistance value. The volt-ampere characteristic is represented by a graphical curve showing the relationship between voltage and current at the resistor terminals. When voltage and current are proportional (the characteristic is a straight line), it is called a linear resistor; otherwise, it is called a nonlinear resistor. The maximum power dissipation allowed for continuous operation of the resistor at the rated temperature (maximum ambient temperature) tR. For each resistor, a maximum working voltage is also specified; that is, even if the rated power is not reached, the maximum working voltage must not be exceeded when the resistance value is high. The rated power of a resistor refers to the maximum power it is allowed to consume during long-term continuous operation in DC or AC circuits. Load characteristics: When the ambient operating temperature is below tR, the resistor must not exceed its rated power; when it exceeds tR, the load power must be derated. Each resistor has specified load characteristics. Additionally, the allowable load is correspondingly reduced under low atmospheric pressure. Under pulse load conditions, the average pulse power is far lower than the rated power, and separate specifications generally apply.

PTR electrical component classification

Based on the power supply used, motors can be divided into DC motors and AC motors. AC motors are further divided into single-phase motors and three-phase motors. Based on structure and operating principle, motors can be classified into DC motors, asynchronous motors, and synchronous motors. Synchronous motors can be further divided into permanent magnet synchronous motors, reluctance synchronous motors, and hysteresis synchronous motors. Asynchronous motors can be divided into induction motors and AC commutator motors. Induction motors include three-phase asynchronous motors, single-phase asynchronous motors, and shaded-pole asynchronous motors. AC commutator motors include single-phase series-wound motors, universal AC/DC motors, and repulsion motors. Based on starting and running methods, motors can be classified into capacitor-start single-phase asynchronous motors, capacitor-run single-phase asynchronous motors, capacitor-start-run single-phase asynchronous motors, and split-phase single-phase asynchronous motors. Based on application, motors can be divided into drive motors and control motors. Drive motors include motors for power tools, household appliances, and other general small mechanical equipment. Control motors include stepper motors and servo motors. Based on rotor structure, motors can be divided into squirrel-cage induction motors and wound-rotor induction motors. Based on operating speed, motors can be classified into high-speed motors, low-speed motors, constant-speed motors, and adjustable-speed motors.

Weidou Intelligent Technology specializes in selling German PTR connectors, PTR switches, PTR relays, PTR controllers, PTR plugs, PTR sensors, PTR resistors, PTR capacitors, PTR buses, PTR modules, PTR cables, PTR power supplies, PTR interfaces, PTR gateways, PTR circuit breakers, PTR original imports from Germany. We welcome inquiries and orders from customers.