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reichle electrical components are sensors that convert the state of a measured object into measurable optical signals. The working principle of a fiber optic sensor is to guide the light beam from a light source into a modulator via an optical fiber. Inside the modulator, interaction with external measured parameters causes changes in the optical properties of the light, such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, and polarization state, resulting in a modulated optical signal. This signal is then transmitted via optical fiber to a photodetector and demodulator to obtain the measured parameters. Throughout this process, the light beam is introduced via the optical fiber, passes through the modulator, and is then emitted, where the primary role of the optical fiber is to transmit the light beam, and secondly, to act as an optical modulator.

reichle electrical component principle

The alternating current generated by the automotive alternator is converted into direct current after rectification by the rectifier, but its waveform still exhibits irregular fluctuations, which directly affects the accuracy of vehicle ignition; the output voltage cannot remain relatively constant, causing differences in the energy of each spark plug ignition, which can easily cause engine jitter, gear shift jerkiness, slow and weak acceleration, unstable idle speed, and low efficiency of the car air conditioner. This greatly reduces the performance and service life of onboard electrical equipment; coupled with the aging of the circuit system in older vehicles and the increased circuit impedance, the impact on the vehicle becomes increasingly apparent. The role of the electronic rectifier is to help eliminate noise interference, stabilize the output voltage, improve the instantaneous discharge capability of the power supply system, increase torque output, accelerate throttle response, extend battery life, shorten engine start time, and improve ignition efficiency, especially for small-displacement vehicles, where the effect is more noticeable. In a semiconductor PN junction, the current is large under forward bias and small under reverse bias. A rectifier diode is a type of PN junction diode that utilizes this unidirectional conductivity characteristic of the PN junction to convert alternating current into direct current. Devices with a current capacity below 1 amperes are typically referred to as rectifier diodes, while those above 9 amperes are called rectifiers. Common semiconductor rectifiers include silicon rectifiers and selenium rectifiers, available in various specifications, with voltages ranging from tens to thousands of volts and currents from several amperes to thousands of amperes. Rectifiers are widely used in various forms of rectified power supplies. High-power rectified power supplies require rectifiers with high current capacity, high breakdown voltage, and good heat dissipation performance. However, these devices have large junction areas and high junction capacitance, resulting in very low operating frequencies, generally below tens of kilohertz. Silicon material has a wide bandgap and good thermal conductivity, making it suitable for manufacturing high-power rectification devices. High-voltage silicon stacks are often used in high-voltage rectification units, consisting of multiple rectifier device cores connected in series. Their reverse withstand voltage is determined by the withstand voltage of the individual cores and the number of cores in series, with maximum withstand voltages reaching hundreds of kilovolts. If a high-frequency rectification circuit is used at very high frequencies, when the period of the alternating voltage is comparable to the recovery time of the rectifier from the on-state to the off-state, the rectifier no longer functions effectively for high-frequency voltages. To meet the requirements of high-frequency operation, gold doping is commonly employed in silicon rectifiers to shorten the lifetime of injected minority carriers, thereby reducing the recovery time. To minimize the possibility of damage due to overvoltage breakdown and enhance the reliability of the rectification unit, silicon avalanche rectifiers can be used. In such devices, when the reverse voltage exceeds the allowable peak value, uniform avalanche breakdown occurs across the entire PN junction, allowing the device to operate under high voltage and high current conditions, thus capable of withstanding significant reverse surge power. Manufacturing such devices requires materials with few defects, uniform resistivity, flat junction surfaces, and appropriate protection of exposed junction areas to prevent surface breakdown. Selenium rectifiers have high overload capacity and strong ability to withstand reverse surge power. In the two basic types of rectifiers based on high-power diodes or thyristors, the high-voltage alternating current power from the grid is converted into direct current power through the rectifier.

reichle electrical component principle

In power generation, transformation, transmission, distribution, and consumption lines, current magnitudes vary significantly, ranging from a few amperes to tens of thousands of amperes. To facilitate measurement, protection, and control, it is necessary to convert these into relatively uniform currents; additionally, voltages on lines are generally high, making direct measurement very dangerous. Current transformers serve the purpose of current transformation and electrical isolation. For pointer-type ammeters, the secondary current of current transformers is mostly at the ampere level. For digital instruments, the sampled signal is generally at the milliampere level. The secondary current of miniature current transformers is at the milliampere level, primarily serving as a bridge between large transformers and sampling. Miniature current transformers are also referred to as "instrument current transformers." ("Instrument current transformer" also implies precision current transformers with multiple current ratios used in laboratories, generally for expanding instrument ranges.) Current transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, similar to transformers; transformers transform voltage, whereas current transformers transform current. The winding of a current transformer connected to the measured current is called the primary winding; the winding connected to the measuring instrument is called the secondary winding. The ratio of the primary winding current I1 to the secondary winding I3 current in a current transformer is called the actual current ratio K. The current ratio when a current transformer operates at rated current is called the rated current ratio of the current transformer, denoted by Kn.

reichle electrical component principle

In power generation, transformation, transmission, distribution, and consumption lines, current magnitudes vary significantly, ranging from a few amperes to tens of thousands of amperes. To facilitate measurement, protection, and control, it is necessary to convert these into relatively uniform currents; additionally, voltages on lines are generally high, making direct measurement very dangerous. Current transformers serve the purpose of current transformation and electrical isolation. For pointer-type ammeters, the secondary current of current transformers is mostly at the ampere level. For digital instruments, the sampled signal is generally at the milliampere level. The secondary current of miniature current transformers is at the milliampere level, primarily serving as a bridge between large transformers and sampling. Miniature current transformers are also referred to as "instrument current transformers." ("Instrument current transformer" also implies precision current transformers with multiple current ratios used in laboratories, generally for expanding instrument ranges.) Current transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, similar to transformers; transformers transform voltage, whereas current transformers transform current. The winding of a current transformer connected to the measured current is called the primary winding; the winding connected to the measuring instrument is called the secondary winding. The ratio of the primary winding current I1 to the secondary winding I12 current in a current transformer is called the actual current ratio K. The current ratio when a current transformer operates at rated current is called the rated current ratio of the current transformer, denoted by Kn.

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