TIVAL electrical components Germany TIVAL model TIVAL price

TIVAL electrical components are tools that can accurately determine and measure temperature, divided into pointer thermometers and digital thermometers. Depending on the temperature-measuring substance used and the temperature range, there are kerosene thermometers, alcohol thermometers, mercury thermometers, gas thermometers, resistance thermometers, thermocouple thermometers, radiation thermometers and optical pyrometers, bimetallic thermometers, etc. Digital thermometers can accurately determine and measure temperature, displaying it numerically rather than with a pointer or mercury. Hence they are called digital thermometers or digital temperature gauges.

TIVAL electrical components features

The characteristics of self-resetting fuses include high breaking current capacity, capable of interrupting AC and even higher currents. This type of fuse has a very significant current-limiting effect; when the instantaneous current approaches 168 kiloamperes, it is rapidly limited. The structure of a self-resetting fuse mainly consists of current terminals (also called electrodes), mica glass (filler), insulating tube, fusible element, piston, argon gas, and housing. The housing of the self-resetting fuse is generally made of stainless steel, with mica glass separating the stainless steel sleeve from the internal beryllium oxide ceramic insulating tube; mica glass serves as both filler and insulator. Self-resetting fuses operate based on the property of sodium metal whose resistance increases sharply at high temperatures. Under normal operating conditions, current flows from the left current terminal, through the sodium metal fusible element within the fine pores of the beryllium oxide ceramic insulating tube, to the right current terminal, forming a current path. When a short-circuit fault occurs, the short-circuit current heats the sodium metal, vaporizing it into a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma state, which sharply increases its resistance, thereby achieving current limiting. At this point, the high pressure generated by the vaporized fusible element pushes the piston to the right, compressing the argon gas. After the circuit breaker interrupts the short-circuit current limited by the self-resetting fuse, the temperature of the sodium vapor drops, and the pressure decreases accordingly. The previously compressed argon gas condenses back into liquid and solid states, and its resistance value drops back to the original value, making it ready for reuse. Wiring of the self-resetting fuse: it is often used in series with a circuit breaker, with an additional resistor connected in parallel to suppress overvoltage during interruption. During normal operation, the self-resetting fuse is in a low-resistance state, and only a small current flows through the parallel resistor. When a fault occurs in the line, the self-resetting fuse enters a high-resistance state; the parallel resistor absorbs the resulting overvoltage and maintains the operating current required for the circuit breaker trip unit, ensuring reliable interruption by the circuit breaker. Therefore, the current interrupted by the circuit breaker is effectively the current-limited value of the self-resetting fuse.

TIVAL electrical components classification

Fiber optic connectors can be divided into common single-mode and multimode connectors for silica-based fibers, as well as other fiber optic connectors using plastic etc. as the transmission medium, depending on the transmission medium. According to the connector structure, they can be classified into: FC, SC, ST, LC, D9, DIN, MU, MT, and various other forms. Among them, ST connectors are typically used at the cabling equipment end, such as fiber patch panels and fiber modules; while SC and MT connectors are typically used at the network equipment end. Classified by fiber end-face shape, there are FC, PC (including SPC or UPC), and APC; classified by fiber core count, there are single-core and multi-core (such as MT-RJ) types. Fiber optic connectors are widely used and come in many varieties. In practical applications, we generally distinguish them based on the different structures of the fiber optic connectors.

TIVAL electrical components principle

Photoelectric sensors achieve control by converting changes in light intensity into changes in electrical signals. Generally, a photoelectric sensor consists of three parts: transmitter, receiver, and detection circuit. The transmitter emits a beam of light toward the target; the emitted beam usually originates from semiconductor light sources, such as light-emitting diodes (LED), laser diodes, and infrared emitting diodes. The beam is emitted continuously, or the pulse width is varied. The receiver consists of photodiodes, phototransistors, and photocells. Optical components such as lenses and apertures are installed in front of the receiver. Behind it is the detection circuit, which filters out valid signals and applies them.

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