VELKOOBCHODVYSO electrical components Germany VELKOOBCHODVYSO model VELKOOBCHODVYSO price

VELKOOBCHODVYSO electrical components are commonly used temperature-sensing elements in temperature measurement instruments. They directly measure temperature and convert the temperature signal into a thermoelectric EMF signal, which is then converted into the temperature of the measured medium by an electrical instrument (secondary instrument). The external shapes of various thermocouples often differ significantly depending on requirements, but their basic structures are largely similar, typically consisting of main components such as hot electrodes, insulating protective tubes, and terminal blocks. They are usually used in conjunction with display instruments, recording instruments, and electronic regulators. In industrial production processes, temperature is one of the important parameters that need to be measured and controlled. In temperature measurement, thermocouples are widely used due to their many advantages, including simple structure, ease of manufacturing, wide measurement range, high accuracy, low inertia, and output signals suitable for long-distance transmission. Additionally, since thermocouples are passive sensors that do not require an external power supply during measurement, they are very convenient to use and are often employed to measure the temperature of gases or liquids inside furnaces and pipes, as well as the surface temperature of solids.

VELKOOBCHODVYSO electrical component structure

Common electrodynamic cone paper-cone loudspeakers. Electrodynamic cone loudspeakers, formerly known as paper-cone loudspeakers, still primarily use paper cones for the diaphragm, but many polymer material diaphragms and metal diaphragms have also appeared, making the term cone loudspeaker more accurate. Cone paper-cone loudspeakers generally consist of three main parts: the magnetic circuit system (permanent magnet, core pole, magnetic plate), the vibration system (paper cone, voice coil), and the support auxiliary system (centering spider, basket, surround). 1. Voice coil: The voice coil is the drive unit of the cone paper-cone loudspeaker. It is made by winding very fine copper wire in two layers around a paper tube, typically with dozens of turns, also known as a coil, and is placed in the magnetic gap formed by the magnetic core pole and the magnetic plate. The voice coil is fixed to the paper cone; when an audio current signal is applied to the voice coil, its vibration drives the paper cone to vibrate. 2. Paper cone: There are many types of materials used for the conical diaphragm of cone paper-cone loudspeakers, generally divided into natural fibers and synthetic fibers. Natural fibers often include cotton, wood, wool, and silk, while synthetic fibers include rayon, nylon, and fiberglass. Since the paper cone is the sound-radiating element of the loudspeaker and largely determines its acoustic performance, any type of paper cone must be lightweight yet rigid, and must not deform due to changes in ambient temperature or humidity. 3. Surround: The surround is designed to ensure axial movement of the paper cone along the loudspeaker's axis and restrict lateral movement, while also preventing air flow between the front and back of the paper cone. In addition to materials commonly used for paper cones, surrounds may also use plastics and natural rubber, which are heat-pressed and bonded to the paper cone. 7. Centering spider: The centering spider supports the junction of the voice coil and the paper cone, ensuring it remains vertical and not skewed. The centering spider has many concentric rings that allow the voice coil to move freely up and down in the magnetic gap without lateral movement, ensuring the voice coil does not touch the magnetic plate. The dust cap on the centering spider prevents external dust from entering the magnetic gap, avoiding friction between dust and the voice coil that could cause abnormal sounds in the loudspeaker. A typical loudspeaker consists of a magnet, frame, centering spider, molded surround, and cone paper cone.

VELKOOBCHODVYSO electrical component structure

A thermopile is a pyroelectric infrared sensor, a device composed of thermocouples. It is widely used as a temperature detection device in fields such as ear thermometers, radiation thermometers, electric ovens, and food temperature detection. It is formed by connecting two or more thermocouples in series, where the thermoelectric EMFs output by each thermocouple are superimposed. Used to measure small temperature differences or average temperatures. Structure of a thermopile: The radiation receiving surface is divided into several sections, each connected to a thermocouple, and connecting them in series forms a thermopile. Depending on the application, practical thermopiles can be made into wire-type and thin-film types, as well as multi-channel and array devices.

VELKOOBCHODVYSO electrical component function

Low-power resistors are typically composed of carbon film encapsulated in a plastic housing, while high-power resistors are usually wire-wound resistors, made by winding high-resistivity metal wire around a ceramic core. If a resistor's resistance value is close to zero ohms (for example, a large-cross-section wire between two points), the resistor offers no obstruction to current, and the circuit parallel to this resistor is short-circuited, resulting in infinite current. If a resistor has infinite or very high resistance, the circuit series-connected with this resistor can be considered open, with zero current. Resistors commonly used in industry fall between these two extremes; they have a certain resistance and can pass a certain amount of current, but the current is not as large as in a short circuit. The current-limiting function of a resistor is similar to the effect of a small-diameter pipe restricting water flow between two large-diameter pipes. Resistance, usually abbreviated as R, is a fundamental property of a conductor, related to the conductor's size, material, and temperature. Ohm's law states that I = U/R, so R = U/I. The basic unit of resistance is the ohm, represented by the Greek letter "Ω". It is defined as the resistance corresponding to one ampere of current generated when one volt of voltage is applied across a conductor. The main function of a resistor is to obstruct the flow of current. In fact, "resistance" refers to a property, while "resistor" in electronic products usually refers to the component itself. Ohm is often abbreviated as ohm. Other common units for expressing resistance values include kiloohm (kΩ), megaohm (MΩ), and milliohm (m Ω).

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