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Vishay Huntington electrical components are electronic devices made from semiconductor materials (silicon, selenium, germanium, etc.). A diode has two electrodes: the positive electrode, also called the anode; and the negative electrode, also called the cathode. When a forward voltage is applied across the two terminals of the diode, it conducts; when a reverse voltage is applied, it blocks. The conduction and blocking of a diode are equivalent to the closing and opening of a switch. A diode has unidirectional conductivity; when conducting, current flows from the anode through the device to the cathode. Diodes are among the earliest semiconductor devices developed, and their applications are very widespread. Particularly in various electronic circuits, reasonable connections using diodes together with resistors, capacitors, inductors and other components form circuits with different functions, enabling AC rectification, demodulation of modulated signals, limiting and clamping, and voltage regulation of power supplies.

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(1) vacuum tubes can be classified by application into voltage amplifier tubes, power amplifier tubes, gas-filled tubes, thyratrons, ignitrons, frequency converter tubes, rectifier tubes, detector tubes, tuning indicator tubes (magic eye), voltage regulator tubes, etc. (2) vacuum tubes can be classified by number of electrodes into voltage amplifier tubes, triodes, tetrodes, pentodes, hexodes, heptodes, octodes, nonodes and composite tubes. Tubes with more than three electrodes are also called multi-electrode or multi-grid tubes. (3) vacuum tubes can be classified by shape and envelope material into bottle-shaped glass tubes (ST tubes), acorn tubes, cylindrical glass tubes (GT tubes), large glass tubes (G type tubes), metal-ceramic tubes, miniature tubes (also called peanut or finger-shaped tubes, MT tubes), lighthouse tubes, subminiature tubes (pencil-shaped tubes) and others. (4) vacuum tubes can be classified by internal structure into single-diode tubes, diodes, double-diode triodes, dual-diode tubes, single triodes, power pentodes, beam tetrodes, beam pentodes, duo-diodes, diode-pentode composite tubes, additional beam tetrodes, triode-pentode composite tubes, triode-hexode composite tubes, triode-heptode composite tubes, beam power tubes and other types. (5) vacuum tubes can be classified by cathode heating method into directly heated cathode tubes (current passes directly through the cathode to achieve thermionic emission) and indirectly heated cathode tubes (the cathode is heated by a filament adjacent to it). (6) vacuum tubes can be classified by cutoff characteristics into sharp-cutoff shielded tubes and remote-cutoff shielded tubes. (7) vacuum tubes can be classified by cooling method into water-cooled tubes, air-cooled tubes and naturally cooled tubes.

Vishay Huntington electrical component types

Inductors can be made by winding conductive material, typically copper wire, around a magnetic core; the core may also be omitted or replaced with a ferromagnetic material. Core materials with higher permeability than air confine the magnetic field more tightly around the inductor, thereby increasing inductance. There are many types of inductors; most are made with enamel-coated wire wound on ferrite bobbins, while some shielded inductors place the coil entirely within the ferrite. The cores of some inductor components are adjustable, allowing the inductance value to be changed. Small inductances can be directly etched onto PCB boards using a spiral trace pattern. Low-value inductors can also be fabricated in integrated circuits using the same processes as for transistors. In these applications, aluminum interconnects are often used as the conductive material. Regardless of the method, due to practical constraints, the most common approach is a circuit called a gyrator, which uses a capacitor and active components to exhibit the same characteristics as an inductive element. Inductive components used to block high frequencies are often constructed from a metal wire passing through a magnetic core or ferrite bead.

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The main parameters of potentiometers include nominal resistance, rated power, resolution, sliding noise, resistance variation characteristic, wear resistance, zero-position resistance and temperature coefficient. 1. Rated power: the maximum power allowed to be dissipated across the two fixed terminals of a potentiometer is its rated power. Note that the rated power is not equal to the power between the wiper and a fixed terminal. The rated power of a potentiometer refers to the maximum power allowed to be consumed under long-term continuous load at the specified rated temperature in DC or AC circuits when the atmospheric pressure is 87~107kPa. 2. Nominal resistance: the nominal resistance marked on the product, with series similar to those of resistors. 3. Tolerance class: the permissible deviation between the measured resistance and the nominal resistance varies by precision grade, allowing errors of 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%. The accuracy of precision potentiometers can reach 0.1%. 5. Resistance variation law: refers to the relationship between resistance and the rotation angle (or travel) of the wiper contact. This relationship can take any functional form; common types are linear, logarithmic and reverse logarithmic (exponential). In use, linear potentiometers are suitable as voltage dividers; reverse logarithmic (exponential) potentiometers are suitable as volume controls in radios, tape recorders, phonographs and televisions. If a replacement of the same type is unavailable during maintenance, a linear type may be used as a substitute, but a logarithmic type should not be used. Logarithmic potentiometers are only suitable for tone control, etc.

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