Wittrin electrical components Germany Wittrin model Wittrin price

Wittrin electrical components refer to an electronic component that can open a circuit, interrupt current flow, or direct it to another circuit. The most common switches are electromechanical devices operated by humans, featuring one or more electrical contacts. "Closed" contacts indicate that the electrical contact is conductive, allowing current to flow; "open" switch status indicates that the electrical contact is non-conductive, forming an open circuit and preventing current flow. The simplest switch consists of two metal pieces called "contacts"; when the two contacts touch, they complete the current loop, and when they do not touch, the current path is open. When selecting contact metals, their corrosion resistance must be considered, as most metals form insulating oxides after oxidation, preventing normal contact operation. Selection of contact metals also requires consideration of factors such as electrical conductivity, hardness, mechanical strength, cost, and toxicity. Corrosion-resistant metals are sometimes plated onto the contacts. Plating is generally applied to the contact surfaces to prevent performance degradation due to oxides. Sometimes non-metallic conductive materials, such as conductive plastics, are used for contact surfaces. In addition to contacts, switches contain movable parts that make or break the contact connection. Switches can be classified into toggle switches, push-button switches, rocker switches, etc., based on the type of movable part, and the movable part can also be other types of mechanical linkages.

Wittrin electrical component characteristics

So-called dynamic characteristics refer to the output behavior of a sensor when the input changes. In practical applications, the dynamic characteristics of sensors are often expressed by their response to certain standard input signals. This is because the response to standard input signals is easily obtained through experimental methods, and there is a certain relationship between the response to standard input signals and the response to arbitrary input signals; often, knowing the former allows inference of the latter. The most commonly used standard input signals are step signals and sinusoidal signals, so the dynamic characteristics of sensors are also commonly expressed by step response and frequency response.

Wittrin electrical component functions

(1) often compares sensor functions to the human 5 major sensory organs: photosensitive sensors - vision, acoustic sensors - hearing, gas-sensitive sensors - smell, chemical sensors - taste, pressure-sensitive, temperature-sensitive, and fluid sensors - touch. (2) Classification of sensitive elements: Physical category, based on physical effects such as force, heat, light, electricity, magnetism, and sound. Chemical category, based on the principles of chemical reactions. Biological category, based on molecular recognition functions such as enzymes, antibodies, and hormones. Usually, according to their basic sensing functions, they can be divided into ten major categories: thermosensitive elements, photosensitive elements, gas-sensitive elements, force-sensitive elements, magnetic-sensitive elements, humidity-sensitive elements, acoustic-sensitive elements, radiation-sensitive elements, color-sensitive elements, and taste-sensitive elements (some have also classified sensitive elements into 50 categories).

Wittrin electrical component classification

Thermosensitive materials are generally divided into three categories: semiconductors, metals, and alloys: 1. Semiconductor thermistor materials include single-crystal semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and metal oxides. They all have very large temperature coefficients of resistance and high resistivity, resulting in high sensitivity for sensors made from them. Based on the temperature coefficient of resistance, they can also be divided into negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials. For example, barium titanate ceramic is an ideal PTC semiconductor material. Both types of materials are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature control, temperature compensation, switching circuits, overload protection, and time delay applications, such as in the manufacture of thermistor thermometers, thermistor switches, and thermistor delay relays. Due to the exponential relationship between resistance and temperature, these materials have a narrow temperature measurement range and poor uniformity. 2. Metal thermistor materials are widely used as thermal resistors for temperature measurement, current limiters, and automatic constant-temperature heating elements. Examples include platinum resistance thermometers, nickel resistance thermometers, and copper resistance thermometers. Among them, platinum temperature sensors exhibit significantly high precision and stability in various media (including corrosive media). However, their widespread application is somewhat limited by the scarcity and high price of platinum. Copper temperature sensors are cheaper, but long-term use in corrosive media can lead to significant changes in static characteristics and resistance values. Nickel temperature sensors are widely used abroad and are considered an ideal material due to their high sensitivity, satisfactory reproducibility, and stability. 3. Alloy thermistor materials, also known as thermistor alloys. This type of alloy has higher resistivity, and its resistance value is relatively sensitive to temperature changes, making it a good material for manufacturing temperature-sensitive sensors. The performance requirements for thermistor alloys as temperature-sensitive sensors are as follows: (1) sufficiently high resistivity; (2) relatively high temperature coefficient of resistance; (3) linear expansion coefficient close to that of the experimental material; (4) small strain sensitivity coefficient; (9) good repeatability of the resistance-temperature curve during heating and cooling within the operating temperature range.

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