woehner electrical components Germany woehner model woehner price

woehner electrical components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, FETs, thyristors, transformers, relays, sensors...; electronic devices include analog circuits (op-amps, comparators, signal conditioners), logic circuits (flip-flops, counters, decoders, registers, transceivers, NOT gates, AND gates, OR gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates), microcontrollers, memory, digital potentiometers, signal conversion circuits (A/D converters, D/A converters, voltage/frequency converters), communication circuits (various interface circuits), monitoring and reset circuits (power supply monitoring, program monitoring)..., too numerous to mention.

woehner electrical component characteristics

The characteristics of an inductor are exactly opposite to those of a capacitor; it has the property of blocking AC while allowing DC to pass smoothly. The resistance when a DC signal passes through the coil is just the wire's own resistance, resulting in a very small voltage drop; when an AC signal passes through the coil, a self-induced electromotive force (EMF) is generated across the coil terminals. The direction of this self-induced EMF is opposite to that of the applied voltage, hindering the passage of AC. Therefore, the characteristic of an inductor is to pass DC and block AC; the higher the frequency, the greater the coil impedance. Inductors often work together with capacitors in circuits to form LC filters, LC oscillators, etc. Additionally, people utilize the properties of inductance to manufacture chokes, transformers, relays, etc. Passing DC: This refers to the inductor presenting a conductive state to DC. If the resistance of the inductor coil is ignored, DC can pass through the inductor 'unimpeded.' For DC, the coil's own resistance offers very little hindrance, so it is often neglected in circuit analysis. Blocking AC: When AC passes through the inductor coil, the inductor offers resistance to the AC current; this hindrance is the inductive reactance of the coil.

woehner electrical component principles

Its operating principle is the same as that of a transformer, with a basic structure consisting of an iron core and primary and secondary windings. It is characterized by a very small and relatively constant capacity, operating close to no-load conditions during normal operation. The impedance of the voltage transformer itself is very small; once a short circuit occurs on the secondary side, the current will increase sharply and burn out the windings. For this reason, fuses are connected to the primary side of the voltage transformer, and the secondary side is reliably grounded to prevent high potential to ground on the secondary side in case of insulation damage between the primary and secondary sides, which could cause personal injury and equipment accidents. Voltage transformers for measurement are generally made with a single-phase, two-winding structure. The primary voltage is the voltage to be measured (such as the line voltage of the power system). They can be used in single phase, or two units can be connected in a V-V configuration for three-phase use. Voltage transformers used in laboratories often have multiple taps on the primary side to accommodate the need to measure different voltages. Voltage transformers for protective grounding also include a third winding, known as a three-winding voltage transformer. The third windings of the three phases are connected in an open-delta configuration, with the two output terminals of the open delta connected to the voltage coil of the ground protection relay. During normal operation, the three-phase voltages of the power system are symmetrical, and the sum of the three-phase induced electromotive forces on the third winding is zero. Once a single-phase ground fault occurs, neutral point displacement occurs, and zero-sequence voltage appears between the terminals of the open delta, causing the relay to operate and thus protecting the power system. When zero-sequence voltage appears in the winding, zero-sequence flux appears in the corresponding iron core. Therefore, this type of three-phase voltage transformer uses a side-limb iron core or three single-phase voltage transformers. For this type of transformer, the accuracy requirement for the third winding is not high, but it requires certain over-excitation characteristics (i.e., when the primary voltage increases, the magnetic flux density in the iron core increases by a corresponding factor without damage). Voltage transformers are indispensable electrical devices in power transmission and supply systems such as power plants and substations. Precision voltage transformers are instruments used in electrical testing laboratories to extend measurement ranges and measure voltage, power, and electrical energy. Voltage transformers are very similar to transformers, both being used to transform voltage on lines. Why is voltage transformation needed on lines? This is because, depending on the different conditions of power generation, transmission, and consumption, the voltage levels on lines vary significantly, ranging from low voltages such as 220V and 380V to high voltages of tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of volts. To directly measure these low and high voltages, corresponding low-voltage and high-voltage voltmeters and other instruments and relays would need to be manufactured according to the line voltage levels. This would not only create significant difficulties in instrument manufacturing, but more importantly, it is impossible and strictly prohibited to directly manufacture high-voltage instruments and measure voltage directly on high-voltage lines.

woehner electrical component applications

Photoelectric sensors using photoelectric elements as sensitive components are diverse and widely used. According to the nature of the output quantity of photoelectric sensors, they can be divided into two categories: (1) Photoelectric measuring instruments that convert the measured quantity into a continuously changing photocurrent, which can be used to measure physical quantities such as light intensity, object temperature, light transmittance, displacement, and surface status. For example: illuminance meters for measuring light intensity, photoelectric pyrometers, photoelectric colorimeters and turbidimeters, photoelectric alarms for fire prevention, and automatic inspection devices and instruments for checking the diameter, length, ellipticity, and surface roughness of processed parts, all of which use photoelectric elements as sensitive components. Semiconductor photoelectric elements are not only widely used in civil industrial fields but also hold an important position in military applications. For example, lead sulfide photoresistors can be made into infrared night vision devices, infrared cameras, and infrared navigation systems; (12) Converting the measured quantity into a continuously changing photocurrent. Various photoelectric automatic devices are made using the characteristic of photoelectric elements to output 'present' or 'absent' electrical signals when exposed to light or no light. Photoelectric elements are used as switching photoelectric conversion elements. For example, photoelectric input devices for electronic computers, switching temperature regulation devices, and digital photoelectric tachometers for speed measurement.

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