xELEKTROSVITSVA electrical components Germany xELEKTROSVITSVA model xELEKTROSVITSVA price

xELEKTROSVITSVA electrical component is a photodetector that converts light into current or voltage signals depending on the mode of use. The die typically uses a photosensitive PN junction, which is highly sensitive to changes in light, exhibits unidirectional conductivity, and changes its electrical characteristics with varying light intensity; therefore, the current in the circuit can be altered by the intensity of illumination. Photodiodes are also called photoelectric diodes. Photodiodes are similar in structure to semiconductor diodes; their die is a photosensitive PN junction with unidirectional conductivity, so a reverse voltage must be applied during operation. In the absence of light, there is a very small saturated reverse leakage current, known as dark current, at which point the photodiode is cut off. When exposed to light, the saturated reverse leakage current increases significantly, forming a photocurrent that varies with the intensity of incident light. When light irradiates the PN junction, it generates electron-hole pairs within the PN junction, increasing the density of minority carriers. These carriers drift under reverse voltage, causing the reverse current to increase. Therefore, the current in the circuit can be changed by the intensity of illumination.

xELEKTROSVITSVA electrical component principle

Photoelectric sensors generally consist of 2 parts: processing channels and processing elements. Their basic principle is based on the photoelectric effect, converting changes in the measured quantity into changes in optical signals, and then using photoelectric elements to further convert non-electrical signals into electrical signals. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where illuminating an object can be viewed as a stream of photons with specific energy bombarding the object; at this time, photon energy is transferred to electrons, and the entire energy of one photon is absorbed by one electron at once. After gaining the energy transferred by the photon, the state of the electron changes, thereby producing a corresponding electrical effect in the illuminated object. The photoelectric effect is usually divided into 11 categories: (1) The phenomenon where electrons escape from the surface of an object under the action of light is called the external photoelectric effect, such as in phototubes and photomultiplier tubes; (2) The phenomenon where the resistivity of an object changes under the action of light is called the internal photoelectric effect, such as in photoresistors and phototransistors; (3) The phenomenon where an object generates an electromotive force in a certain direction under the action of light is called the photovoltaic effect, such as in solar cells. Photoelectric detection methods have advantages such as high precision, fast response, and non-contact operation, and can measure many parameters. The sensor structure is simple and flexible in form; therefore, photoelectric sensors are widely used in detection and control. Photoelectric sensors are key components for achieving photoelectric conversion in various photoelectric detection systems; they are devices that convert optical signals (visible and ultraviolet laser light) into electrical signals. Photoelectric sensors use photoelectric devices as conversion elements. They can be used to detect non-electrical physical quantities that directly cause changes in light quantity, such as light intensity, illuminance, radiation temperature measurement, gas composition analysis, etc.; they can also be used to detect other non-electrical quantities that can be converted into changes in light quantity, such as part diameter, surface roughness, strain, displacement, vibration, speed, acceleration, as well as object shape and working status recognition. Photoelectric sensors have characteristics such as non-contact operation, fast response, and reliable performance, so they are widely used in industrial automation devices and robots. New photoelectric devices continue to emerge, especially the advent of CCD image sensors, which has opened a new chapter for the further application of photoelectric sensors.

xELEKTROSVITSVA electrical component features

Features self-diagnostic stable operating zone indication function, promptly informing whether the working status is reliable; through-beam, reflective, and mirror-reflective photoelectric switches all have anti-interference functions and are easy to install; setting the control terminal allows pre-checking whether the photoelectric switch works normally before operation. It can also accept interrupt or detection commands from computers or programmable logic controllers at any time; appropriate combination of external diagnosis and self-diagnosis can intelligentize the photoelectric switch; fast response speed, capable of detecting tiny objects moving at high speed; adopts dedicated integrated circuits and advanced surface mount technology, offering high reliability; small size, light weight, simple installation and debugging, and includes short-circuit protection function.

xELEKTROSVITSVA electrical component applications

Photoelectric sensors using photoelectric elements as sensitive elements are diverse and widely used. According to the nature of the output quantity of photoelectric sensors, they can be divided into two categories: (1) Photoelectric measuring instruments made by converting the measured quantity into a continuously changing photocurrent, which can be used to measure physical quantities such as light intensity, object temperature, light transmission capability, displacement, and surface condition. For example: lux meters for measuring light intensity, photoelectric pyrometers, photoelectric colorimeters and turbidimeters, photoelectric alarms for fire prevention, and automatic inspection devices and instruments for checking the diameter, length, ellipticity, and surface roughness of processed parts, all of which use photoelectric elements as sensitive elements. Semiconductor photoelectric elements are not only widely used in civil industrial fields but also hold an important position in military applications. For example, lead sulfide photoresistors can be made into infrared night vision devices, infrared cameras, and infrared navigation systems; (9) Converting the measured quantity into a continuously changing photocurrent. Various photoelectric automatic devices are made using the characteristic of photoelectric elements outputting "present" or "absent" electrical signals when exposed to light or no light. Photoelectric elements serve as switching photoelectric conversion elements. For example, photoelectric input devices for electronic computers, switching temperature regulation devices, and digital photoelectric tachometers for speed measurement.

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