Murr Elektronik MVK-MPNIO DIO12 DIO4/IOL4 M12L 4P Part No. Murr 55162 Murr bus module distribution

Murr 55162 bus module is the public communication backbone for transmitting information between various functional components of a computer. It is a transmission bundle composed of wires. According to the types of information transmitted by the computer, computer buses can be divided into data buses, address buses, and control buses, used respectively for transmitting data, data addresses, and control signals. A bus is an internal structure; it is the common channel for information transfer between the cpu, memory, input, and output devices. The various components of the host are connected via the bus, and external devices are connected to the bus through corresponding interface circuits, thereby forming the computer hardware system. In a computer system, the public path for transmitting information between components is called the bus. Microcomputers connect various functional components using a bus structure. In this bus topology network structure, all devices are directly connected to the bus. The medium used is generally coaxial cable (including thick and thin cables), although optical fiber is now also used as a bus-type transmission medium. For example, the ATM network and the networks adopted by Cable Modem belong to bus-type network structures. Bus module

Murr 55162 bus module characteristics

Since the bus is a group of signal lines connecting various components, information is represented by signals on these lines, and the implementation of operations is defined by agreeing on the sequence of different signals. The characteristics of the bus are as follows: 1) Physical characteristics: Also known as mechanical characteristics, these refer to the properties exhibited during physical connection of components on the bus, such as the geometric dimensions, shape, number of pins, and arrangement order of plugs and sockets. 2) Functional characteristics: This refers to the function of each signal line. For example, the address bus is used to represent address codes. The data bus is used to represent transmitted data, and the control bus represents commands, status, etc., for operations on the bus. 3) Electrical characteristics: This refers to the signal direction on each signal line and the voltage range representing valid signals. Typically, signals sent by the master device (such as CPU) are called output signals (OUT), and signals sent into the master device are called input signals (IN). Usually, for data and address signals, a high level is defined as logic 1 and a low level as logic 0. There is no customary convention for control signals; for example, WE indicates active-low, and Ready indicates active-high. There is no unified regulation for the high and low voltage ranges of different buses; they usually comply with TTL. 5) Timing characteristics: Also known as logical characteristics, this refers to when signals on each signal line are valid during bus operations. By defining the timing relationships of valid signals, correct bus operation is ensured. To improve computer scalability and the universality of components and devices, in addition to on-chip buses, components or devices are connected to the bus in standardized forms, and information transmission on the bus is implemented in standardized ways. These standardized connection forms and operation methods of the bus are collectively referred to as bus standards. Examples include ISA, PCI, and USB bus standards. Correspondingly, buses adopting these standards are ISA bus, PCI bus, and USB bus.

Murr 55162 bus module classification

Common data buses include ISA (ISA bus), EISA, VESA, and PCI. "Address bus AB" is dedicated to transmitting addresses. Since addresses can only be transmitted from the CPU to external memory or I/O ports, the address bus is always unidirectional and tri-state, which differs from the data bus. The width of the address bus determines the size of the memory space that the CPU can directly address. For example, if an 8-bit microcomputer has an 16-bit address bus, its maximum addressable space is 2^16=64KB. An 16-bit microcomputer (an x-bit processor refers to the number of bits (1, 0) the microprocessor can process in one clock cycle, i.e., the word size) has an 20-bit address bus, and its addressable space is 2^20=1MB. Generally, if the address bus is n bits, the addressable space is 2^n bytes. "Control bus CB" is used to transmit control signals and timing signals. Among control signals, some are sent by the microprocessor to memory and I/O interface circuits, such as read/write signals, chip select signals, and interrupt acknowledge signals. Others are feedback signals sent to the CPU from other components, such as interrupt request signals, reset signals, bus request signals, and device ready signals. Therefore, the transmission direction of the control bus depends on the specific control signal; (information) is generally bidirectional. The width of the control bus depends on the actual control needs of the system. In practice, the specific situation of the control bus mainly depends on the CPU. Classified by data transmission method, buses can be divided into serial buses and parallel buses. In serial buses, binary data is sent bit by bit to the destination device via a single data line. Parallel buses typically have more than 2 data lines. Common serial buses include SPI, I2C, USB, and RS232. Classified by whether the clock signal is independent, buses can be divided into synchronous and asynchronous buses. The clock signal of a synchronous bus is independent of the data, while the clock signal of an asynchronous bus is extracted from the data. SPI and I2C are synchronous serial buses, while RS232 uses an asynchronous serial bus.

Murr 55162 bus module operation

A bus operation completes the transmission of information between two modules. The operation is initiated by the master module, and the other is the slave module. At any given moment, only one master module can occupy the bus. Bus operation steps: The master module requests bus control, and the bus controller makes the arbitration. Bus operation steps: After obtaining bus control, the master module addresses the slave module, and data transmission occurs after confirmation by the slave module. Error checking for data transmission. Bus timing protocols: Timing protocols ensure synchronized operation between both parties in data transmission and correct transmission. There are three types of timing protocols: Synchronous bus timing: All modules on the bus share the same clock pulse to control the operation process. All actions of each module occur at the start of a clock cycle, and most actions are completed within one clock cycle. Asynchronous bus timing: The occurrence of an operation is determined by specific signals from the source or destination module. The occurrence of an event on the bus depends on the occurrence of the previous event, with both parties providing handshake signals. Semi-synchronous bus timing: The time intervals between operations on the bus can vary but must be integer multiples of the clock cycle. Signal appearance, sampling, and termination are still based on the common clock. ISA bus adopts this timing method. Data transmission types: Divided into single-cycle mode and burst (burst) mode. Single-cycle mode: Only one data item is transmitted per bus cycle. Burst mode: Multiple data items are transmitted after obtaining master line control. Addressing is provided during addressing.

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