North American controller, German North American model, North American price

The North American controller feeds back part or all of the control system's output to the input end via specific methods and devices, compares the feedback information with the original input information, and applies the comparison result to the system for control to prevent deviation from the predetermined target. Closed-loop control systems utilize negative feedback. This is an automatic control system formed by a closed loop consisting of a forward signal path and a feedback path, also known as a feedback control system. Closed-loop control systems have the following characteristics in control: since the feedback amount of the output signal is compared with the input amount to generate a deviation signal, the deviation signal is used to realize control or regulation of the output amount, so the system's output amount can automatically track the input amount, reduce tracking error, improve control precision, and suppress the influence of disturbance signals. In addition, closed-loop control systems composed of negative feedback have other advantages: the introduction of the feedback path makes the system insensitive to changes in component parameters in the forward path, thereby lowering the precision requirements for components in the forward path; the feedback action can also make the entire system insensitive to certain nonlinear influences.

North American controller composition

(1) Reference element: provides the input amount corresponding to the desired output. 2) Comparison element: calculates the deviation between the input amount and the feedback amount, often implemented using integrated operational amplifiers (abbreviated as integrated op-amps). 3) Amplification element: since the deviation signal is generally small and insufficient to drive the load, an amplification element is required, including voltage amplification and power amplification. 4) Actuating element: directly drives the controlled object to change the output amount. Common examples include motors, control valves, and hydraulic motors. 5) Measurement element: detects the controlled variable and converts it into the required electrical signal. Commonly used in control systems are tachogenerators and optical encoders for speed detection; resolvers and synchros for position and angle detection; current transformers for current detection; and thermocouples for temperature detection. These detection devices generally convert the detected physical quantities into corresponding continuous or discrete voltage or current signals. 6) Correction element: also called a compensation element, it is an element with structure and parameters that are easy to adjust, connected in the system in series or via feedback to perform required arithmetic functions and improve system performance. Depending on its position in the system, it can be referred to as a series correction element or a feedback correction element.

North American controller applications

An automatic control system that includes power amplification and feedback, causing the value of the output variable to respond to the value of the input variable. After the CNC device issues command pulses, when the command value is sent to the position comparison circuit, if the worktable has not moved (i.e., there is no position feedback signal), the command value causes the servo drive motor to rotate, driving the machine tool worktable to move via transmission elements such as gears and ball screw nut pairs. The position measurement element installed on the machine tool worktable measures the actual displacement of the worktable and feeds it back to the comparator of the CNC device for comparison with the command signal, using the resulting difference for control. If a difference exists, it is amplified by an amplifier to further control the rotation of the servo drive motor until the difference is zero, at which point the worktable stops moving. This system is called a closed-loop servo system.

North American controller advantages

In a feedback control system, regardless of the cause (external disturbance or internal system changes), as long as the controlled variable deviates from the specified value, a corresponding control action is generated to eliminate the deviation. Therefore, it has the ability to suppress interference, is insensitive to changes in component characteristics, and can improve the system's response characteristics. However, the introduction of a feedback loop increases system complexity, and improper gain selection can cause system instability. To improve control precision, when disturbance variables can be measured, disturbance-based control (i.e., feedforward control) is often used simultaneously as a supplement to feedback control to form a composite control system. Generally speaking, open-loop control systems have a simpler structure and lower cost. The disadvantages of open-loop control systems are low control precision, poor interference suppression capability, and sensitivity to changes in system parameters. They are generally used in occasions where external influences can be ignored or precision requirements are not high, such as washing machines, stepper motor control devices, and water level regulation systems. In closed-loop control systems, whether due to changes in the input signal, the influence of interference, or changes in internal system parameters, as long as the controlled variable deviates from the specified value, a corresponding action is generated to eliminate the deviation. Therefore, closed-loop control has strong interference suppression capability. Compared with open-loop control, the system is insensitive to parameter changes, allowing less precise components to be used to construct a more precise control system, achieving satisfactory dynamic characteristics and control precision. However, adopting feedback devices requires adding components, resulting in higher costs and increased system complexity. If the system's structural parameters are not selected appropriately, the control process may become very poor, even leading to unstable conditions such as oscillation or divergence. Therefore, how to analyze the system and reasonably select the system's structure and parameters to achieve satisfactory system performance is a problem that automatic control theory must study and resolve.

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