Norgren controller, German Norgren model, Norgren price

Norgren controller is an electronic system for digital arithmetic operations, specifically designed for industrial environments. It uses a programmable memory to execute instructions for stored logic operations, sequential control, timing, counting, and arithmetic operations, and controls various types of mechanical equipment or production processes through digital or analog input (I) and output (O) interfaces. The programmable controller was developed on the basis of electrical control technology and computer technology, and has gradually evolved into a new type of industrial control device with a microprocessor as the core, integrating automation technology, computer technology, and communication technology. PLC has been widely used in the automatic control of various production machinery and processes, becoming one of the most important, widespread, and frequently applied industrial control devices, recognized as one of the three pillars of modern industrial automation (PLC, robotics, CAD/CAM).

Norgren controller classification

Discrete signals: Classified by voltage level, including 220VAC, 110VAC, 24VDC; classified by isolation method, including relay isolation and transistor isolation. Analog signals: Classified by signal type, including current type (4-20mA, 0-20mA), voltage type (0-10V, 0-5V, -10-10V), etc.; classified by precision, including 12bit, 14bit, 16bit, etc. In addition to the above general IO, there are special IO modules, such as RTD, thermocouple, and pulse modules. Module specifications and quantities are determined by the number of I/O points; the number of I/O modules can vary, but the maximum number is limited by the basic configuration capacity managed by the CPU, i.e., the maximum number of baseplate or rack slots.

Norgren controller structure

1) Central Processing Unit (CPU): The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the control center of the PLC, serving as the neural center of the PLC. Each PLC system has at least one CPU. It receives and stores user programs and data entered from the programmer according to the functions assigned by the PLC system program; checks the status of the power supply, memory, I/O, and watchdog timer, and can diagnose syntax errors in the user program. When the PLC is running, it first receives the status and data from field input devices via scanning and stores them in the I/O image area, then reads the user program line by line from the user program memory, executes logical or arithmetic operations according to the instructions after command interpretation, and sends the results to the I/O image area or data registers. After all user programs are executed, the output states in the I/O image area or data in the output registers are transmitted to the corresponding output devices, cycling in this manner until operation stops. To further improve the reliability of the PLC, large PLC systems also adopt dual CPU redundant systems or triple CPU voting systems. Thus, even if one CPU fails, the entire system can still operate normally. CPU speed and memory capacity are important parameters of the PLC, determining the working speed of the PLC, the number of I/O, and software capacity, thereby limiting the control scale. 2) Memory: System program memory stores system software; user program memory stores PLC user applications; data memory stores intermediate states and information during PLC program execution, equivalent to the RAM of a PC. 3) Input/Output Interface (I/O module): The interface between the PLC and electrical circuits is completed through the input/output section (I/O). The I/O module integrates the PLC I/O circuitry; its input latch reflects the input signal status, and output points reflect the output latch status. Input modules convert electrical signals into digital signals for the PLC system, while output modules do the opposite. I/O is divided into discrete input (DI), discrete output (DO), analog input (AI), analog output (AO), and other modules. 4) Communication Interface: The main function of the communication interface is to enable data exchange (communication) between the PLC and external devices. Communication interfaces come in various forms, with the most basic being standard serial interfaces such as UBS, RS-232, and RS-422/RS-485. Connections can be made using multi-core cables, twisted pairs, coaxial cables, optical fibers, etc. 5) Power Supply: The PLC power supply provides operating power for the PLC circuit and plays a very important role in the entire system. A good, reliable power supply system is the most basic guarantee for the PLC. Generally, if AC voltage fluctuation is within +10% (+15%), the PLC can be directly connected to the AC grid without other measures. Power input types include: AC power (220VAC or 110VAC), DC power (commonly 24VDC).

Norgren controller features

1) High reliability and strong anti-interference capability: PLC uses software to replace a large number of intermediate relays and time relays, leaving only a small amount of hardware related to inputs and outputs, reducing wiring to 1/10~1/100 of that in relay control systems, greatly reducing failures caused by poor contact. High reliability is a key performance indicator for electrical control equipment. PLC adopts modern large-scale integrated circuit technology, strict manufacturing processes, and advanced internal anti-interference technology, resulting in high reliability. For example, the mean time between failures for Mitsubishi's F series PLC is as high as 30 hours. Some PLC using redundant CPU have even longer mean time between failures. In terms of external circuitry, using PLC to form a control system reduces electrical wiring and switch contacts to one-hundredth or even one-thousandth compared to relay-contactor systems of the same scale, significantly lowering failure rates. Additionally, PLC has hardware self-diagnosis capabilities, issuing alarm information promptly upon failure. In application software, users can also incorporate self-diagnosis programs for peripheral devices, providing fault self-diagnosis protection for circuits and equipment other than the PLC. Thus, it is no surprise that the entire system has extremely high reliability. 2) Complete hardware support, comprehensive functions, and strong applicability: PLC has developed into serialized products of various sizes (large, medium, small), and has become standardized, serialized, and modularized, equipped with a wide variety of hardware devices for user selection. Users can flexibly and conveniently configure systems to compose systems with different functions and scales. PLC installation and wiring are also convenient, generally using terminal blocks for external connections [3]. PLC has strong load-driving capability, can directly drive general solenoid valves and AC contactors, and can be used in industrial control applications of various scales. In addition to logic processing functions, modern PLC mostly have comprehensive data arithmetic capabilities, suitable for various digital control fields. A large number of PLC function units have emerged, allowing PLC to penetrate into position control, temperature control, CNC, and other industrial controls. Coupled with enhanced PLC communication capabilities and the development of human-machine interface technology, it has become very easy to use PLC to compose various control systems. 3) Easy to learn and use, popular among engineering technicians: As a general-purpose industrial control computer, PLC is industrial control equipment oriented towards industrial and mining enterprises. Its interfaces are easy to use, and programming languages are easily accepted by engineering technicians. The graphical symbols and expression methods of ladder diagram language are quite close to relay circuit diagrams; only a few discrete logic control instructions of PLC are needed to conveniently implement the functions of relay circuits. This opens a convenient door for those unfamiliar with electronic circuits, computer principles, and assembly language to use computers for industrial control. 4) Easy to modify: System design, installation, and debugging workload is small, maintenance is convenient, and modification is easy. PLC ladder programs generally adopt sequential control design methods. This programming method is regular and easy to master. For complex control systems, the design time for ladder diagrams is much less than that for designing relay system circuit diagrams. PLC uses stored logic to replace wiring logic, greatly reducing external wiring of control equipment, significantly shortening the design and construction cycle of control systems, and making maintenance easier. More importantly, it makes it possible to change the production process of the same equipment by changing the program. This is very suitable for multi-variety, small-batch production scenarios. 5) Small size, light weight, low energy consumption: Taking ultra-small PLC as an example, recently produced models have a base dimensions of less than 100mm, equivalent to only a few relays, thus reducing the volume of switchgear cabinets to 1/2~1/10 of the original. Its weight is less than 150g, and power consumption is only a few watts. Due to its small size, it is easy to install inside machinery, making it an ideal controller for mechatronics integration.

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