KUHNKE controller, German KUHNKE model, KUHNKE price

KUHNKE controller refers to a master command device that controls the starting, speed regulation, braking, and reversing of an electric motor by changing the wiring of the main circuit or control circuit and altering resistance values in the circuit according to a predetermined sequence. It consists of a program counter, instruction register, instruction decoder, timing generator, and operation controller. It is the "decision-making unit" that issues commands, coordinating and directing the operation of the entire computer system. Controllers are divided into combinational logic controllers and microprogrammed controllers, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Combinational logic controllers are troublesome to design and have complex structures; once the design is completed, they cannot be modified or expanded, but they offer high speed. Microprogrammed controllers are easy to design, have simple structures, and are convenient to modify or expand. To change the function of a machine instruction, only the corresponding microprogram needs to be rewritten; to add a machine instruction, only a segment of microprogram needs to be added to the control memory. However, it operates by executing a segment of microcode. A specific comparison is as follows: Combinational logic controllers, also known as hardwired controllers, are composed of logic circuits and rely entirely on hardware to implement instruction functions.

KUHNKE controller introduction

Motion control typically converts predetermined control schemes and planning instructions into desired mechanical motion under complex conditions, achieving precise position, speed, acceleration, torque, or force control of mechanical motion. Depending on the power source used, motion control is mainly categorized into electrical motion control using electric motors as the power source, pneumatic/hydraulic control using gas and fluids as the power source, and heat engine motion control using fuels (coal, oil, etc.) as the power source. According to statistical data, more than 90% of all power sources come from electric motors. Electric motors play a very important role in modern production and daily life; therefore, among these types of motion control, electrical motion control is the most widely applied. Electrical motion control evolved from electric drive systems; electric drive or electrical transmission is a general term for control systems targeting electric motors. Motion control systems vary, but in terms of basic structure, the hardware of a typical modern motion control system mainly consists of a host computer, motion controller, power drive unit, electric motor, actuator, and sensor feedback detection device. The motion controller is a control device centered on a central logic control unit, using sensors as signal-sensitive elements, and targeting motors or power devices and execution units. [A motion controller is a specialized controller for managing the operating mode of an electric motor: for example, controlling an AC contactor via a limit switch to move an object upward to a specified position and then downward, or using a time relay to control the forward/reverse rotation of the motor or intermittent operation. Motion control applications in robotics and CNC machine tools are more complex than in special-purpose machines, as the latter involve simpler motion forms, often referred to as general motion control (GMC). The motion controller is the primary component determining the performance of an automatic control system. For the Mitsubishi series, the motion CPU is the motion controller. For simple motion control systems, a motion controller designed with a microcontroller can meet requirements and offers a high cost-performance ratio.

KUHNKE controller structure

1) Instruction Register: Used to store the instruction currently being executed. An instruction is divided into two parts: the opcode and the address code. The opcode indicates the nature of the operation, such as addition or subtraction; the address code provides the address of the operand for this instruction or information related to forming the operand address (where the operand address is formed via an address formation circuit). One type of instruction is the branch instruction, which changes the normal execution sequence of instructions; the address code part of this instruction provides the address of the instruction to be executed next. 2) Opcode Decoder: Used to decode the opcode of an instruction, generating corresponding control levels to fulfill the function of analyzing the instruction. 3) Timing Circuit: Used to generate time marker signals. In microcomputers, time marker signals generally have three levels: instruction cycle, bus cycle, and clock cycle. The micro-operation command generation circuit produces various micro-operation commands required to complete the operations specified by the instruction. The main basis for generating these commands is the time markers and the nature of the instruction's operation. This circuit is essentially the hardware implementation of expressions for various micro-operation control signals (such as the A→L expression mentioned above), making it the most complex part of a combinational logic controller. 4) Program Counter: Used to form the address of the next instruction to be executed. Typically, instructions are executed sequentially, and instructions are stored sequentially in memory. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the address of the next instruction to be executed can be formed by adding 1 to the current address; the micro-operation command "1" serves this purpose. If a branch instruction is executed, the address of the next instruction to be executed is the target branch address. This address is located in the address code field of the current branch instruction and is sent directly to the program counter. The concept of the microprogrammed controller was proposed because combinational logic design has disadvantages such as being difficult to design, inflexible, and hard to modify or expand.

KUHNKE controller installation

When installing the controller, avoid the following locations: (1) Ambient temperature exceeds the range of 0~50 degrees Celsius. (2) Relative humidity exceeds 85% or condensation/dew is present (caused by sudden temperature changes or other factors). (3) Direct sunlight exposure. (4) Presence of corrosive and flammable gases, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, etc. (5) Large amounts of iron filings and dust. (6) Frequent or continuous vibration, with a frequency of 10~55 Hz and an amplitude of 0.5 mm (peak-to-peak). (7) Shock exceeding 10g (gravitational acceleration). To ensure reliable operation of the control system, programmable controllers are typically installed in control cabinets with protective enclosures to prevent dust, oil, and water splashes. To ensure the temperature remains within the specified ambient range, sufficient ventilation space must be provided for the installed equipment, with a gap of at least 30 mm between the basic unit and expansion units. If the surrounding environment exceeds 55 degrees Celsius, install an electric fan for forced ventilation. To avoid electrical interference from other peripheral devices, the programmable controller should be kept as far away as possible from high-voltage power lines and high-voltage equipment; a distance of at least 200 mm should be maintained between the programmable controller and high-voltage equipment/power lines.

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