German pit spring pit model pit price

pit springs, as elastic elements, are widely used in the suspensions of modern automobiles, including passenger cars, trucks, and off-road vehicles. Compared with leaf springs, torsion bar springs offer a series of advantages: high energy storage per unit mass, which reduces vehicle weight and saves material; since the torsion bar spring is fixed to the frame, it reduces unsprung mass, improving ride smoothness; when applied to the front suspension of front-wheel-drive vehicles, the torsion bar spring can be arranged longitudinally, leaving space for the swinging half-shafts of the front drive axle. However, torsion bar manufacturing costs are relatively high, with strict requirements for materials and processes. In addition, torsion bar springs serve only as elastic elements and must be equipped with guiding mechanisms. Torsion bar springs are made of chrome-vanadium alloy spring steel, and their surfaces are very smooth after machining. During use, the surface of the torsion bar must be well protected. Typically, a layer of epoxy resin is applied to the surface of the torsion bar spring, wrapped with a layer of fiberglass cloth, coated with another layer of epoxy resin, and finally coated with asphalt and anti-rust paint to prevent collision, scratching, and corrosion, thereby extending the service life of the torsion bar spring.

pit spring mechanical principles

Ring springs consist of outer rings with inner conical surfaces mating with inner rings with outer conical surfaces. The number of outer rings is determined by the magnitude of the load and deformation requirements. Ring springs are commonly used in applications where space is limited but strong buffering is required. A ring spring consists of many pairs of inner and outer rings; if damaged or worn, not all need to be replaced—only the discarded individual rings need to be changed, making repair easier and more economical. Since there is significant friction on the contact surfaces when the outer and inner rings slide relative to each other along the mating cones, the axial force during loading is balanced by surface pressure and friction. Therefore, the effect of the axial load is reduced, which is equivalent to increasing the spring stiffness. During unloading, friction hinders the recovery of the spring's elastic deformation, thus reducing the effective spring force. The characteristic curve of a ring spring in one loading and unloading cycle is OABO; without the effect of friction, it would be OC. During unloading, the characteristic curve starts from point B rather than point E, due to elastic hysteresis of the spring, causing a reduction. Ring spring: a spring composed of alternating stacked washer-like spring steel rings with inner conical and outer cylindrical surfaces and washer-like spring steel rings with inner cylindrical and outer conical surfaces. The number of pairs of inner and outer rings in a ring spring is determined by the magnitude of the load it bears and the deformation requirements.

pit spring composition

A ring spring is a compression spring composed of several inner and outer rings with conical surfaces. Under axial load P, significant normal pressure is generated between the contact surfaces of the inner and outer rings, causing the diameter of the inner ring to decrease and the diameter of the outer ring to increase. Due to these changes in diameters, the length of the spring is shortened; when the external force is removed, since the cone angle b of the rings is greater than the friction angle, the spring restores its original dimensions under the action of internal elastic forces. When a ring spring bears axial P, significant friction is generated between the conical contact surfaces of the inner and outer rings, consuming a large amount of energy; at this time, the force and deformation remain linearly related. During the loading process, the external force P equals the sum of the internal spring force and friction. ABO represents the unloading process, which includes two stages: the AB segment and the BO segment. The AB segment indicates the situation where the load decreases, and the elastic internal force of the spring overcomes static friction, allowing the spring to gradually restore its original shape. The inner and outer rings of ring springs are made of high-quality carbon steel or wear-resistant alloy steel. Each ring is first roll-formed to the required shape to improve its load-bearing capacity, and then heat-treated. Ring springs are powerful springs with great buffering and shock-absorbing capabilities (the ratio of area OABO to OACO can reach 60～70%), and are commonly used in buffering devices for heavy vehicles, artillery, and aircraft landing gear.

pit spring classification

1) Standard disc springs, trapezoidal cross-section disc springs, conical trapezoidal cross-section. Disc springs: simple in shape and structure, widely applied. They can be used individually, in opposed pairs, in stacked combinations, or as composite disc spring groups, bearing static or variable loads, and are used as powerful buffering and vibration-damping springs in heavy machinery, aircraft, cannons, and other weapons. 2) Diaphragm springs: mainly used in automotive clutches, functioning through the separation fingers and the disc spring part. 3) Wave washers: extensively used in mechanical seals, and can be further developed into spiral wave springs. 4) Slotted disc springs: typically used in clutches, such as those in lathes, automobiles, and tractors. 5) Circular plate disc springs: with a circular plate cross-section, deforming into a truncated cone shape under load. Simple structure, high stiffness, used in applications with special requirements. 6) Spiral disc springs: possess the dual characteristics of disc springs and helical springs, allowing for different stiffness requirements. 7) Wave cylindrical springs (wave springs): formed by overlapping wave washers into a cylindrical shape, achieving larger deformations.

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