German noris springs noris models noris prices

noris springs, as elastic elements, are widely used in the suspensions of modern automobiles, including passenger cars, trucks, and off-road vehicles. Compared with leaf springs, torsion bar springs offer a series of advantages: high energy storage per unit mass, which reduces vehicle weight and saves material; since the torsion bar spring is fixed to the frame, it reduces unsprung mass, improving ride smoothness; when applied to the front suspension of front-wheel-drive vehicles, the torsion bar spring can be arranged longitudinally, leaving space for the swinging half-shafts of the front drive axle. However, torsion bar manufacturing costs are relatively high, with strict requirements on materials and processes. In addition, torsion bar springs serve only as elastic elements and must be equipped with guiding mechanisms. Torsion bar springs are made of chrome-vanadium alloy spring steel, with surfaces processed to be very smooth. The surface of the torsion bar must be well protected during use; typically, a layer of epoxy resin is applied to the surface of the torsion bar spring, wrapped with a layer of fiberglass cloth, coated with another layer of epoxy resin, and finally coated with asphalt and anti-rust paint to prevent collision, scratching, and corrosion, thereby extending the service life of the torsion bar spring.

noris spring mechanical principles

A disc spring assembly consists of an outer ring with an inner conical surface fitted to an inner ring with an outer conical surface. The number of outer rings is determined by the magnitude of the load and the deformation requirements. Disc springs are commonly used in applications where space is limited but strong cushioning is required. A disc spring comprises many pairs of inner and outer rings; if damaged or worn, it is not necessary to replace the entire assembly, only the individual discarded rings need to be replaced, making repair easier and more economical. Since there is significant friction on the contact surfaces when the outer and inner rings slide relative to each other along the mating cones, the axial force during loading is balanced by surface pressure and friction. Therefore, the effect of the axial load is effectively reduced, which increases the spring stiffness. During unloading, friction impedes the recovery of the spring's elastic deformation, thereby effectively reducing the spring force. The characteristic curve of a disc spring in one loading and unloading cycle is OABO; without the effect of friction, it would be OC. During unloading, the characteristic curve switches from point B, rather than from point E, due to the reduction caused by spring elastic hysteresis. Disc spring: A spring composed of alternating stacked washer-like spring steel rings, with outer rings having an inner conical surface and outer cylindrical surface, and inner rings having an inner cylindrical surface and outer conical surface. The number of pairs of inner and outer rings in a disc spring is determined based on the magnitude of the load it bears and the required deformation.

noris spring measures to control springback

1) Select materials with good bending performance: Using materials with a low yield limit and high elastic modulus as bending components can achieve higher bending quality. In addition, the thickness tolerance of the blank, the quality of the surface finish, and the flatness have a significant impact on bending springback. For workpieces with high bending accuracy requirements, the quality of the blank in these aspects should also be screened. 2) Select a smaller relative bending radius: A small r/t value indicates a large degree of deformation. Generally, when r/t ≤ 3-5, it is considered that the bending zone of the sheet metal has fully entered the plastic state. A smaller bending radius is beneficial for reducing springback, but an excessively small bending radius may cause cracking in the bending zone. The minimum bending radii for materials provided in references are primarily empirical data and can serve as a reference for sheet metal designers when designing the bending radius of workpieces. 3) Select the required die clearance: For V type bending, the clearance value is achieved by high-speed machine tools and is independent of the die itself. For U type bending, springback decreases as the die opening depth increases, and springback amount decreases as the die clearance decreases. For workpieces with high bending accuracy, the single-side bending clearance can be taken as Z = t; if higher bending accuracy is required, adopting bending with slight thinning is more effective in reducing springback. Because zero or negative clearance bending can change the stress state of the sheet metal, transforming ordinary bending into bending with tensile-bending characteristics, placing the inner side of the neutral layer of the blank under compressive stress, so that the entire cross-section of the blank is in a tensile stress state in the tangential direction. After unloading, the springback of the inner and outer fibers cancels out, reducing springback (Figure 4). Therefore, adopting tensile-bending processes and dies with adjustable clearance is very beneficial for controlling springback. 4) Design reasonable workpiece shapes: U type bent parts have less springback than V type parts. Complex workpiece shapes involve more mutual constraints between parts, making springback difficult to control. Therefore, ? type springback is smaller than U type. If suitable stiffening ribs are pressed at the bending location, springback is further reduced. Therefore, flanging or hemming treatment of bent parts can both increase stiffness and reduce springback. 5) Adopt appropriate microstructural states: Materials after cold working hardening exhibit large bending springback. For bending parts with high accuracy requirements where the blank has cold work hardening, it should be annealed before bending. Where necessary and permissible, heating the blank during bending should be adopted for thicker blanks to eliminate springback. The springback angle in calibration bending is significantly smaller than in free bending, and the greater the calibration force, the smaller the springback. 6) Calibrate the punch shape for bending: This is because the calibration bending force concentrates the punching force in the bending deformation zone, forcing the inner layer of the metal to be compressed. After the sheet is calibrated, both the inner and outer fibers are elongated and will shorten after unloading. Since the springback trends of the inner and outer layers are opposite, the springback amount will be reduced, thereby achieving the goal of overcoming or reducing springback. Therefore, calibration bending is a bending method similar in nature to tensile bending, and its application range appears broader. Generally, the punch for calibration bending mostly adopts the shape shown in Figure 5.

noris spring classification

1) Ordinary disc springs, trapezoidal cross-section disc springs, conical trapezoidal cross-section. Disc springs: simple in shape and structure, widely applied. They can be used individually, in opposed pairs, stacked combinations, or composite disc spring groups, bearing static or variable loads, used as strong buffering and vibration-damping springs in heavy machinery, aircraft, artillery, and other weapons. 2) Diaphragm springs: mainly used in automotive clutches, functioning through the separation fingers and the disc spring part. 3) Wave washers: extensively used in mechanical seals, further developable into spiral wave springs. 4) Slotted disc springs: typically used in clutches, such as those in lathes, automobiles, and tractors. 5) Circular plate disc springs: circular plate cross-section, deforming into a truncated cone shape under load. Simple structure, high stiffness, used in applications with special requirements. 6) Spiral disc springs: possess dual characteristics of disc springs and helical springs, capable of meeting different stiffness requirements. 7) Wave cylindrical springs (wave springs): formed by overlapping wave washers into a cylindrical shape, allowing for larger deformation.

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