German modelshop springs modelshop models modelshop prices

modelshop springs are helical springs that withstand compressive forces. The cross-section of the material used is mostly circular, but rectangular sections and multi-strand steel wires are also used. Springs generally have equal pitch. The shapes of compression springs include: cylindrical, conical, convex, concave, and a small number of non-circular shapes. There is a certain gap between the coils of the compression spring. When subjected to external loads, the spring contracts and deforms, storing strain energy. Compression springs provide resistance to external compressive loads. Compression springs utilize multiple open coils to provide resistance to external compressive loads (such as gravity pressing down on wheels, or body weight pressing on a mattress). That is, they push back to resist external pressure. Compression springs are generally wound with metal wire at equal pitch and have a fixed wire diameter. In addition, there are conical compression springs, or springs combining conical and straight sections. Depending on the application area, compression springs can be used to resist pressure and/or store energy. Round wire is the most commonly used for compression springs, but compression springs are also made from square, rectangular, and specially shaped wire.

modelshop spring principles

When leaf springs are installed in an automobile suspension and the vertical load is positive, all spring leaves deform under force, tending to arch upward. At this time, the axle and the frame move closer to each other. When the axle and the frame move apart, the positive vertical load and deformation on the leaf spring gradually decrease, and may even reverse. The eye of the main leaf is heavily stressed and is a weak point. To improve the stress condition of the main leaf eye, the end of the second leaf is often bent into an eye that wraps around the outside of the main leaf eye, known as a wrap eye. A larger gap is left between the main leaf eye and the second leaf wrap eye to allow relative sliding between the leaves during elastic deformation. In some suspensions, the ends of the leaf springs are not formed into eyes but use other support connection methods, such as rubber support pads. Flat rectangular steel plates are curved to form chassis springs made of several stacked leaves. One end is installed on the hanger with a pin, and the other end is connected to the main beam with a shackle, allowing the spring to expand and contract. This is suitable for medium and large trucks. Automobile leaf springs are very important. As is known, leaf springs are composed of many steel leaves that are elastic, have consistent width and thickness, but vary in length. Their function is to connect the frame and the axle in a suspended manner, exposed between the frame and the axle, bearing the load impact of the wheels on the frame, reducing severe vehicle vibration, and maintaining driving stability and adaptability to different road conditions. When leaf springs bear load impacts, they undergo extension motion, causing strong friction between the steel leaves, i.e., compression and tension phenomena. The two friction surfaces generate frictional forces in two different directions, causing the temperature of the leaf spring to rise, resulting in surface scratches and fine cracks. As the frequency of load impact increases, the frictional force generated by the extension motion also increases. When the stress concentration point reaches the fatigue limit, it will cause single-leaf or entire stack fracture. Tests based on kinematic principles prove that when a steel component undergoing compression-extension motion increases in frequency, its temperature rises and strength decreases. Cracks appear at stress concentration points, gradually expanding and deepening, leading to damage at the fatigue limit. Leaf springs are similar, but they have higher elasticity and are more durable than general steel components. Apart from other causes, the main reason for leaf spring fracture is poor lubrication, which should be taken seriously by drivers and technical management personnel. Timely lubrication of leaf springs should be performed to reduce friction and disperse stress, preventing surface scratches on the steel leaves; reduce the intrusion of dust, dirt, and water to prevent rust; and dissipate heat to prevent a decrease in elastic strength. The general lubrication method is: it should be performed after the new vehicle break-in period ends, and during use in summer and winter. For lubrication, first remove the leaf spring, open the center bolt to spread the steel leaves, then evenly apply lithium-based grease or graphite grease to both sides of the steel leaves. After reassembly, an oil film is formed between the two friction surfaces (completing the lubrication of one set of leaf springs takes only the time required to replace one broken leaf).

modelshop spring composition

Ring springs are a type of compression spring composed of several inner and outer rings with conical surfaces. Under axial load P, significant normal pressure is generated between the contact surfaces of the inner and outer rings, causing the inner ring diameter to decrease and the outer ring diameter to increase. Due to these changes in the diameters of the inner and outer rings, the spring shortens in length; when the external force is removed, since the cone angle b of the rings is greater than the friction angle, the spring restores its original dimensions under the action of internal elastic forces. When ring springs bear axial P, significant friction is generated between the conical contact surfaces of the inner and outer rings, consuming a large amount of energy. At this time, the force and deformation still maintain a linear relationship. During the loading process, the external force P equals the sum of the spring's internal force and friction force. ABO represents the unloading process, which includes two stages: the AB stage and the BO stage. The AB stage indicates the situation where the load decreases, and the spring's internal elastic force overcomes static friction, gradually restoring the spring to its original state. The inner and outer rings of ring springs are made of high-quality carbon steel or wear-resistant alloy steel. Each ring is first roll-formed to the required shape to improve its load-bearing capacity, and then heat-treated. Ring springs are powerful springs with great buffering and shock-absorbing capabilities (the ratio of area OABO to OACO can reach 60～70%). They are commonly used in buffering devices for heavy vehicles, artillery, and aircraft landing gear.

modelshop spring compensation method for controlling springback

The compensation method for controlling springback controls the geometric shape and dimensions of the working parts of the die based on the direction and magnitude of the springback of the bent part, so that the springback after bending is compensated. For example, for U-shaped parts with large bends, the end face of the punch or the surface of the stripper plate can be made arc-shaped, or the punch and die can be made with inclined surfaces at a certain angle. Thus, the deformation generated at the arc or inclined areas during unloading can compensate for the springback deformation of the two corners. Extending from this, the bending compensation method can be used to bend workpieces that are difficult to bend using conventional methods. For the shape shown in Figure 8, the two sides are tightly closed with no forming space. Using the methods of deformation springback and correction compensation, bending can be achieved.

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