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Boehringer seals can be divided into two major categories: static seals and dynamic seals. Static seals mainly include three types: gasket seals, sealant seals, and direct contact seals. According to working pressure, static seals can be further divided into medium and low-pressure static seals and high-pressure static seals. Medium and low-pressure static seals commonly use gasket seals made of softer materials with wider widths, while high-pressure static seals use metal gaskets made of harder materials with very narrow contact widths. Dynamic seals can be divided into two basic types: rotary seals and reciprocating seals. Others are classified as contact seals and non-contact seals based on whether the seal contacts the components moving relative to it; based on the seal and contact position, they can be divided into circumferential seals and face seals, with face seals also known as mechanical seals. Centrifugal seals and spiral seals in dynamic seals achieve sealing by imparting energy to the medium during machine operation, hence they are sometimes called power seals.

Boehringer seal principles

A mechanical seal is a shaft sealing device that prevents leakage by maintaining contact between one or several pairs of faces perpendicular to the shaft, which slide relative to each other under the action of fluid pressure and the elastic force (or magnetic force) of the compensation mechanism, supplemented by auxiliary seals. The common mechanical seal structure consists of a stationary ring (static ring), rotating ring (dynamic ring), elastic element spring seat, set screws, rotating ring auxiliary O-ring, and stationary ring auxiliary O-ring. Anti-rotation pins are fixed to the gland to prevent the stationary ring from rotating. The rotating ring and stationary ring can also be referred to as compensation rings or non-compensation rings depending on whether they have axial compensation capability.

Boehringer seal system composition

1) Gland housing: In the past, gland housings for mechanical seals were stuffing boxes designed for soft packing seals. They are unsuitable for mechanical seals, not only because they are too small and have too narrow clearances, but also because their simple cylindrical shape is inappropriate. Standards for enlarged gland housings for mechanical seals have been established abroad. In addition, Durametallic Corporation in the United States and the Fluid Sealing Association (formerly the British Hydromechanics Research Group) are studying rational gland housings for mechanical seals. Their shapes should not only facilitate fluid flow and heat dissipation but also help remove solid particles, creating a favorable environment for the seal. 2) Volatile emission control system: In the past, attention was focused only on eliminating visible fluid leaks, while neglecting the control of invisible volatile emissions. This has led to environmental pollution and poses risks to equipment and personnel. Organizations abroad, such as the Sealing Technology Committee of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) in the United States, have developed guidelines for controlling volatile emissions from rotating machinery, compressors, and screw systems equipped with mechanical seals, including SP-30 (1994), SP-32 (1990), and SP-33 (1991). SP-30 is implemented in three stages. It clearly defines barrier fluids and buffer fluids, clarifying erroneous and confusing concepts. A barrier fluid is introduced between double seals to completely block process fluid from leaking into the surrounding environment. The pressure of the barrier fluid is always higher than that of the sealed process fluid. A buffer fluid is used between double seals as a lubricant or cushion; its pressure is always lower than that of the sealed process fluid. 3) Supporting auxiliary systems: Auxiliary systems for mechanical seals require supporting components for cooling, heating, flushing, and other functions. Pump circulation needs optimization, and issues such as condition monitoring systems are being studied and resolved. The supporting requirements for auxiliary systems are specified in the API-682 standard. 4) Gas barrier seal system: In the past, liquid barriers were commonly used to seal liquids or gases in barrier seal systems. To simplify bulky liquid barrier systems, gas barriers are now used to seal liquids or gases. In gas barrier seal systems, spiral groove gas seals with barrier gas, floating bushings with barrier gas, and other methods can be employed to seal gases and liquids.

Boehringer seal installation technical requirements

Mechanical seals are high-precision mechanical components, and their correct installation and operation significantly impact service life. We generally follow the standards specified by the Ministry of Petrochemical Industry. The technical requirements for the pump installing the mechanical seal and the parts mating with the mechanical seal are as follows: 1) Shaft runout: Maximum not greater than 0.05 mm; 2) Rotor wobble: Not greater than 0.06 mm near the shaft sleeve at the dynamic ring seal location; 3) Axial shaft movement must not exceed ±0.5 mm; if a shaft sleeve is present, the shaft sleeve must not be loose; 4) Coupling alignment error: For gear couplings, not greater than 0.08–0.10 mm (P2008C); for elastic couplings, not greater than 0.05–0.06 mm; (common practice for face runout<0.05, radial runout<0.10) 5) Concentricity tolerance of the gland (static ring seat) and the seal mating spigot relative to the shaft centerline is 0.05 mm; perpendicularity tolerance of the surface contacting the gasket relative to the centerline is 0.03–0.05 mm. If requirements are not met, the seal chamber must be machined; 6) The ends of the shaft sleeve where the dynamic ring seal is installed, and the ends of the gland (or housing) where the static ring seal is installed, should be chamfered and smoothed. 7) Exercise care when installing and removing mechanical seals. Do not use hammers or flat chisels to avoid damaging seal components. If scale prevents removal, clean thoroughly before disassembly. 8) If mechanical seals are used on both ends of the pump, coordinate during assembly and disassembly to avoid neglecting one side. 9) For mechanical seals that have been in operation, if gland loosening causes seal movement, the stationary and rotating ring components must be replaced. Do not simply retighten and continue use. Because after loosening, the original operating trajectory of the friction pair changes, easily compromising the sealing integrity of the contact surfaces.

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