German Hirschmann / SKS sensors Hirschmann / SKS models Hirschmann / SKS prices

Hirschmann / SKS sensors are devices or units that can sense pressure signals and convert them into usable output electrical signals according to a defined principle. Pressure sensors typically consist of a pressure-sensitive element and a signal processing unit. Depending on the type of test pressure, pressure sensors can be classified as gauge pressure sensors, differential pressure sensors, and absolute pressure sensors. Pressure sensors are among the most commonly used sensors in industrial practice, widely applied in various industrial automation environments, including water conservancy and hydropower, railway transportation, smart buildings, production automation control, aerospace, military industry, petrochemicals, oil wells, electric power, ships, machine tools, pipelines, and many other industries.

Hirschmann / SKS sensor classification

Lasers can be divided into 4 types based on the working medium. (1) Solid-state lasers: Their working medium is solid. Common examples include ruby lasers, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers (i.e., YAG lasers), and neodymium glass lasers. Their structures are roughly similar, characterized by being compact and robust with high power. Neodymium glass lasers are devices with the highest pulsed output power, reaching tens of megawatts. (2) Gas lasers: Their working medium is gas. Various gas atomic, ion, metal vapor, and gas molecular lasers now exist. Common examples include carbon dioxide lasers, helium-neon lasers, and carbon monoxide lasers. Shaped like ordinary discharge tubes, they are characterized by stable output, good monochromaticity, and long life, but have lower power and lower conversion efficiency. (3) Liquid lasers: These can be further divided into chelate lasers, inorganic liquid lasers, and organic dye lasers, among which organic dye lasers are the most important. Their main characteristic is continuously tunable wavelength. (4) Semiconductor lasers: This is a relatively young type of laser, with gallium arsenide lasers being the more mature variant. Characteristics include high efficiency, small size, light weight, and simple structure, making them suitable for carrying on aircraft, warships, tanks, and by infantry. They can be made into rangefinders and sights. However, they have lower output power, poorer directionality, and are significantly affected by ambient temperature.

Hirschmann / SKS sensor principle

When a laser sensor operates, the laser emitting diode first emits laser pulses toward the target. After reflection from the target, the laser scatters in all directions. Part of the scattered light returns to the sensor receiver, where it is received by the optical system and imaged onto an avalanche photodiode. An avalanche photodiode is an optical sensor with internal amplification capability, enabling it to detect extremely weak light signals and convert them into corresponding electrical signals. A common type is the laser distance sensor, which determines the target distance by recording and processing the time elapsed from the emission of the light pulse to its reception. Laser sensors must measure transmission time with extreme precision because the speed of light is very fast.

Hirschmann / SKS sensor applications

Over-limit detection of vehicle width and height: Laser sensors are used for rapid measurement. The network kernel of the PC industrial PC and visualization programming software VB is utilized for real-time data transmission and processing with the sensors. User-friendly upper computer control software has also been designed. Field test data shows that the system has good real-time performance and high measurement accuracy, possessing certain practical value. Highway toll stations: Used at highway toll stations for vehicle counting and safety protection. Malaysia's Teras company has already applied hundreds of BEA laser sensors in its manual and automatic toll station systems. The laser sensors adopt the Time of Flight (TOF) measurement principle, forming 4 planes within the detection area to inspect vehicles. Additionally, the product features functions such as anti-rear-end collision and vehicle safety protection. Compared to traditional light curtains, laser sensors offer advantages such as high sensitivity, high accuracy, convenient installation, high cost-performance ratio, and strong stability. Google's second-generation driverless car: Equipped with laser sensors. In Google's second-generation autonomous vehicle prototype, besides the top-mounted laser sensor which remains quite obvious, other sensors are set up very discreetly. Distinctive Google driverless car logos are affixed to the front, rear, and sides of the vehicle. The control and driving principle of the Google driverless car involves numerous sensors installed around the car continuously collecting precise data about the vehicle itself and its surroundings. This data is analyzed and calculated by the onboard processor, which then controls the vehicle's movement based on the results. The driverless car uses GPS equipment and sensors to accurately determine the vehicle's position and forward speed, identifying surrounding pedestrians, vehicles, bicycles, traffic lights, and many other objects. On the roof of this Lexus is a 360° rotating laser holographic sensor, which can almost simultaneously sense conditions in front of, to the side of, and behind the car. Data collected by the sensor is input via green data cables into the processor located on the right rear side of the vehicle. This laser sensor also enables global precise positioning for the driverless car. The original L type Lexus emblem on the front of the car was removed and replaced with a radar sensor; this is used to measure forward distance and vehicle speed to judge front traffic conditions and control safe acceleration and deceleration. Position sensors are also mounted on the tire hubs to detect wheel rotation, aiding in vehicle positioning. The heart of the Google driverless car—the processor—is located on the right rear side of the vehicle. Data information from various sensors is transmitted here via data wires for software analysis and processing, enabling precise sensing and judgment of different objects near the driverless car. In addition to analyzing and judging the current positions of objects around the driverless car, the vehicle needs to use software to calculate and accurately predict the possible next position of each object. Finally, the driverless car makes safe driving decisions based on all collected data, including controlling vehicle speed and distance from surrounding vehicles.

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