German CALEMARD shaft CALEMARD model CALEMARD price

CALEMARD shaft is the most important component in an engine. It bears the force transmitted from the connecting rod and converts it into torque, which is output through the crankshaft to drive other accessories on the engine. The crankshaft is subjected to the combined effects of centrifugal force from rotating masses, periodically changing gas inertia forces, and reciprocating inertia forces, causing the crankshaft to bear bending and torsional loads. Therefore, the crankshaft is required to have sufficient strength and stiffness; the journal surface must be wear-resistant, operate smoothly, and have good balance.

CALEMARD shaft introduction

The most important component in an engine. It bears the force transmitted from the connecting rod and converts it into torque, which is output through the crankshaft to drive other accessories on the engine. The crankshaft is subjected to the combined effects of centrifugal force from rotating masses, periodically changing gas inertia forces, and reciprocating inertia forces, causing the crankshaft to bear bending and torsional loads. Therefore, the crankshaft is required to have sufficient strength and stiffness; the journal surface must be wear-resistant, operate smoothly, and have good balance. To reduce the mass of the crankshaft and the centrifugal force generated during motion, the crankshaft journals are often made hollow. Oil holes are drilled on each journal surface to introduce or discharge engine oil for lubricating the journal surface. To reduce stress concentration, transition arcs are used at the connections between the main journals, crankpins, and crank arms. The function of the crankshaft counterweights (also known as balancing weights) is to balance the rotating centrifugal forces and their moments, and sometimes also to balance the reciprocating inertia forces and their moments. When these forces and moments are balanced by themselves, the counterweights can also be used to reduce the load on the main bearings. The number, size, and placement position of the counterweights must be considered based on factors such as the number of engine cylinders, cylinder arrangement, and crankshaft shape. Counterweights are generally cast or forged integrally with the crankshaft; for high-power diesel engines, counterweights are manufactured separately from the crankshaft and then connected together with bolts.

CALEMARD shaft control

Shafts typically employ variable frequency speed regulation methods. There are mainly three control modes: ordinary variable frequency drive and control, vector control drive and control, and direct torque control. Ordinary variable frequency is scalar drive and control, characterized by constant torque drive, with output power proportional to speed. The dynamic performance of ordinary variable frequency control is not ideal; control performance is poor at low speeds, output power is unstable, and it does not possess C shaft functionality. However, it is inexpensive and has a simple structure, generally used for grinders and ordinary high-speed milling machines. Vector control technology mimics the control of DC motors, using rotor field orientation and vector transformation methods to achieve drive and control, offering good dynamic performance. Vector control drives provide high torque values at startup; coupled with the simple structure and low inertia of the electric spindle itself, this allows for high starting acceleration, enabling instantaneous attainment of the allowable limit speed after startup. These drives come in open-loop and closed-loop variants; the latter can achieve position and speed feedback, offering better dynamic performance and C shaft functionality; the former has slightly inferior dynamic performance and lacks C shaft functionality, but is cheaper. Direct torque control is another new type of high-performance AC speed regulation technology developed after vector control technology. Its control concept is novel, and the system structure is concise and clear, making it more suitable for driving high-speed electric spindles. It better meets the dynamic and static characteristic requirements of high-speed electric spindles, such as high rotational speed, wide speed regulation range, and high-speed instant precise stopping, and has become a hot technology in the field of AC drives.

CALEMARD shaft structure

Structural design of the shaft is an important step in shaft design, determining the reasonable shape and all structural dimensions of the shaft. It depends on the types, sizes, and positions of parts installed on the shaft, the fixing methods of the parts, the nature, direction, magnitude, and distribution of loads, the type and size of bearings, the shaft blank, manufacturing and assembly processes, installation and transportation, and factors such as shaft deformation. Designers can design according to the specific requirements of the shaft, and if necessary, compare several schemes to select the design scheme. The following are general principles for shaft structural design: 1, save material, reduce weight, and adopt equal-strength outer dimensions or cross-sectional shapes with large section moduli; 2, facilitate precise positioning, stability, assembly, disassembly, and adjustment of parts on the shaft; 3, adopt various structural measures to reduce stress concentration and increase strength; 4, facilitate machining and manufacturing and ensure precision.

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