German nordmann sensor nordmann model nordmann price

nordmann sensors generally consist of 2 parts: the processing path and the processing element. The basic principle is based on the photoelectric effect, converting changes in the measured quantity into changes in optical signals, and then using photoelectric components to further convert non-electrical signals into electrical signals. The photoelectric effect refers to illuminating an object with light, which can be viewed as a series of photons with specific energy bombarding the object. At this time, the photon energy is transferred to electrons, and the entire energy of one photon is absorbed by one electron at once. After the electron receives the energy transferred by the photon, its state changes, thereby causing the corresponding electrical effect in the illuminated object. The photoelectric effect is usually divided into 3 categories: (1) The phenomenon where electrons escape from the surface of an object under the action of light is called the external photoelectric effect, such as in phototubes and photomultiplier tubes; (2) The phenomenon where the resistivity of an object changes under the action of light is called the internal photoelectric effect, such as in photoresistors and phototransistors; (3) The phenomenon where an object generates an electromotive force in a specific direction under the action of light is called the photovoltaic effect, such as in photocells.

nordmann sensor classification

Lasers can be divided into 4 types according to the working medium. (1) Solid-state lasers: The working medium is solid. Common types include ruby lasers, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers (i.e., YAG lasers), and neodymium glass lasers. Their structures are roughly similar, characterized by compactness, robustness, and high power. Neodymium glass lasers are devices with the highest pulsed output power, reaching tens of megawatts. (2) Gas lasers: The working medium is gas. There are now various gas atomic, ion, metal vapor, and gas molecular lasers. Common types include carbon dioxide lasers, helium-neon lasers, and carbon monoxide lasers. Their shape resembles ordinary discharge tubes, characterized by stable output, good monochromaticity, and long life, but lower power and lower conversion efficiency. (3) Liquid lasers: These can be further divided into chelate lasers, inorganic liquid lasers, and organic dye lasers, among which organic dye lasers are the most important. Their main characteristic is continuously tunable wavelength. (4) Semiconductor lasers: This is a relatively newer type of laser, with gallium arsenide lasers being more mature. They are characterized by high efficiency, small size, light weight, and simple structure, making them suitable for use on aircraft, warships, tanks, and for carrying by infantry. They can be made into rangefinders and sights. However, they have lower output power, poorer directivity, and are significantly affected by ambient temperature.

nordmann sensor principle

When a laser sensor operates, the laser emitting diode first emits laser pulses toward the target. After reflection from the target, the laser scatters in all directions. Part of the scattered light returns to the sensor receiver, is received by the optical system, and is imaged onto an avalanche photodiode. An avalanche photodiode is an optical sensor with internal amplification functionality, so it can detect extremely weak light signals and convert them into corresponding electrical signals. A common type is the laser distance sensor, which determines the target distance by recording and processing the time elapsed from the emission of the light pulse to its reception. Laser sensors must measure the transmission time with extreme precision because the speed of light is very fast.

nordmann sensor applications

Over-limit detection of vehicle width and height: Laser sensors are used for rapid measurement. The network kernel of the PC industrial PC and visualization programming software VB is used for real-time data transmission and processing with the sensors. User-friendly host computer control software has also been designed. Field test data shows that the system has good real-time performance and high measurement accuracy, possessing certain practical value. Highway toll stations: Used at highway toll stations for vehicle counting and safety protection. Malaysia's Teras company has already applied hundreds of BEA laser sensors in its manual and automatic toll station systems. The laser sensors adopt the Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurement principle, forming 4 planes within the detection area to inspect vehicles. Meanwhile, the product also features functions such as anti-rear-end collision and vehicle safety protection. Compared with traditional light curtains, laser sensors offer advantages such as high sensitivity, high accuracy, convenient installation, high cost-performance ratio, and strong stability. Google's second-generation driverless car: Equipped with laser sensors, the prototype of Google's second-generation autonomous vehicle still has a quite prominent laser sensor on top, while other sensors are set up very discreetly. Obvious Google driverless car logos are posted on the front, rear, and sides of the vehicle. The control and driving principle of the Google driverless car involves numerous sensors installed around the car continuously collecting precise data about the vehicle itself and its surroundings. The onboard processor analyzes and calculates this data, and then controls the vehicle's movement based on the calculation results. The driverless car uses GPS devices and sensors to accurately locate the vehicle's position and forward speed, and to identify surrounding pedestrians, vehicles, bicycles, traffic lights, and many other objects. On the roof of this Lexus, there is a 360° rotating laser holographic sensor, which can almost simultaneously sense the conditions in front of, to the side of, and behind the car. The data collected by the sensor is input via green data cables into the processor located on the right rear side of the vehicle. This laser sensor also allows the driverless car to achieve precise global positioning. The original L type Lexus emblem on the front of the car was removed and replaced with a radar sensor, used to measure the distance ahead and vehicle speed, thereby judging the traffic conditions ahead and controlling safe acceleration and deceleration. Position sensors are also installed on the tire hubs to detect wheel rotation, helping the vehicle with positioning. The heart of the Google driverless car—the processor—is located on the right rear side of the vehicle. Data information from various sensors is transmitted here via data wires, where it is analyzed and processed by software to precisely sense and judge different objects near the driverless car. In addition to analyzing and judging the current positions of objects around the driverless car, the vehicle needs to use software to calculate and accurately predict the possible next position of each object. Finally, the driverless car makes safe driving decisions based on all collected data, including controlling vehicle speed and distance from surrounding vehicles.

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