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EMK Motor motor is an AC motor that generates electromagnetic torque through the interaction between the rotating magnetic field in the air gap and the induced current in the rotor windings, thereby converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. Three-phase asynchronous motors are mainly used as motors to drive various production machinery, such as: fans, pumps, compressors, machine tools, light industry and mining machinery, threshers and crushers in agricultural production, processing machinery for agricultural and sideline products, etc. Simple structure, easy manufacturing, low price, reliable operation, sturdy and durable, high operating efficiency and suitable working characteristics.

EMK Motor motor mechanical characteristics

The motor is called a three-phase asynchronous motor because the rotor of the three-phase asynchronous motor rotates in the same direction but at a different speed from the stator's rotating magnetic field, resulting in slip. The rotor speed of a three-phase asynchronous motor is lower than the speed of the rotating magnetic field. The rotor windings generate electromotive force and current due to the relative motion with the magnetic field, and interact with the magnetic field to produce electromagnetic torque, achieving energy conversion. Compared with single-phase asynchronous motors, three-phase asynchronous motors have better operating performance and can save various materials. According to the different rotor structures, three-phase asynchronous motors can be divided into cage type and wound type. Cage-type asynchronous motors have simple structure, reliable operation, light weight, and low price, and are widely used. Their main disadvantage is difficult speed regulation. Wound-type three-phase asynchronous motors have three-phase windings on both the rotor and stator, and are connected to external rheostats through slip rings and brushes. Adjusting the resistance of the rheostat can improve the starting performance of the motor and regulate the motor speed.

EMK Motor motor mechanical characteristics

Mechanical characteristics of the motor: The torque of a single-phase series-wound motor varies with time, meaning the torque magnitude is different at every instant, which is significantly different from the smoothness of DC motor torque; the output torque is actually the average value. When the motor's magnetic circuit is not saturated, since the magnetic flux is proportional to the excitation current, the torque is proportional to the square of the current; when the motor's magnetic circuit is saturated, the change in current has little effect on the magnetic flux, so the torque changes approximately in accordance with the current. High starting torque, not easy to stall, this is a valuable advantage of this type of motor, suitable for occasions where starting is difficult. With constant applied voltage and unsaturated magnetic circuit, as the load increases, the armature current increases accordingly, thus the magnetic flux and resistance voltage drop also increase. From the expression of speed, it can be seen that the speed drops rapidly; conversely, under no-load conditions, the current and magnetic flux are very small, and the no-load speed is very high, which can easily damage the motor. For safety and motor protection, no-load operation of the motor should be avoided as much as possible. However, for series-wound motors used in power tools, since they generally carry a working head, their no-load speed will not be too high, and the design often limits the no-load speed to around 1.7 times the rated speed. For very low-power series-wound motors, because the inherent torque is large, the no-load speed will not be extremely high. As the load increases, the speed decreases, causing little change in output power, making it difficult for the motor to overload due to increased load. This characteristic makes this type of motor widely used in occasions with large fluctuations in load torque, with a wide speed regulation range. Speed variation with load changes: when the load increases, the current in the armature winding increases accordingly. Since the stator excitation winding is in series with the armature winding, the current in the stator excitation winding is the same as that in the armature winding, so it also increases, thereby increasing the magnetic flux. Since the magnetic flux is inversely proportional to the speed, the speed decreases. The increase in current increases the resistance voltage drop in each part, causing the electromotive force to decrease, which further causes the speed to decrease. Therefore, compared with the mechanical characteristics of DC motors, the mechanical characteristics of single-phase series-wound motors are softer, which makes speed control more difficult.

EMK Motor motor working principle

When symmetrical three-phase AC current is supplied to the three-phase stator windings in the motor, a rotating magnetic field is generated that rotates clockwise in the space between the stator and the inner circle of the rotor at synchronous speed n1. Since the rotating magnetic field rotates at n1 speed, and the rotor conductors are initially stationary, the rotor conductors cut the stator's rotating magnetic field, generating an induced electromotive force (the direction of the induced electromotive force is determined by the right-hand rule). Since the two ends of the rotor conductors are short-circuited by short-circuit rings, under the action of the induced electromotive force, an induced current basically consistent with the direction of the induced electromotive force is generated in the rotor conductors. The current-carrying conductors of the rotor are subjected to electromagnetic force in the stator magnetic field (the direction of the force is determined by the left-hand rule). The electromagnetic force produces electromagnetic torque on the rotor shaft, driving the rotor to rotate in the direction of the rotating magnetic field. Through the above analysis, the working principle of the motor can be summarized as follows: When the three-phase stator windings of the motor (each phase differing by 120 electrical degrees) are supplied with three-phase symmetrical AC current, a rotating magnetic field is generated. This rotating magnetic field cuts the rotor windings, thereby generating induced current in the rotor windings (the rotor windings form a closed circuit). The current-carrying rotor conductors generate electromagnetic force under the action of the stator's rotating magnetic field, thereby forming electromagnetic torque on the motor shaft, driving the motor to rotate, and the motor rotation direction is the same as the rotating magnetic field direction.

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